Chem002 exam 1 ch.15
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43 Terms
What is Chemical Kinetics
The study of the rate of chemical reactions
What is Rate
A change in quantity with respect to time
What does the rate of a chemical reaction tell you
how fast reactants make products or how fast a reaction takes place.
How is the rate of a chemical reaction measured
in terms of how concentration of a reactant decreases or product in a given period of time
What is Average rate
the change in measured concentrations in any particular time period
What is Instantaneous rate
the change in concentration at any one particular time
How is Instantaneous rate determined
by taking the the slope of a line tangent to the curve at that particular point.
Polarimetry
measures the change in the degree of rotation of plane-polarized light caused by one of the components over time.
Spectrophotometry
measures the amount of light of a particular wavelength absorbed by one component over time.
Total Pressure
of a gas mixture is stoichiometrically related to partial pressures of the gases in the reaction.
How does the Temperature affect Chemical Reaction Rate
Increasing Temperature will increase the reaction rate.
How does the Concentration affect Chemical Reaction Rate
Increasing Concentration will increase the reaction rate
How does the Pressure affect Chemical Reaction Rate
Increasing Pressure will increase the reaction rate
How does the Volume affect Chemical Reaction Rate
Increasing Volume will decrease the reaction rate
How does the Catalyst affect Chemical Reaction Rate
Increasing Catalyst will increase the reaction rate.
How does the Nature of the reactant affect Chemical Reaction Rate
The physical properties of molecules have an important impact on the rate of the reactions. Gas>Liq>solid
What is Rate Law
a reaction depends on the concentration. It determines how the rate of a reaction changes with changing concentrations.Must always be determined experimentally
aA↔bB→
Rate=K[A]^m
2A+3B↔4C
Rate=K[A]^m[B]^n
If n=0 what is the order and rate law
Rate=K, Zero order No change
If n=1 what is the order and rate law
Rate=K[A]^1First order, Doubled:Rate=K[2]=2K, Tripled: Rate=K[3]=3K
If n=2 what is the order and rate law
Rate=K[A]^2Second order,doubled rate=K[2]^2
What relationship does integrated rate law show
Between concentration and time.
What is Half-Life
Defined as time required for the concentration of reactants fall into half of its initial concentration.
What is Zero Order:Integrated Rate Law
Integrated Rate Law:[A]t=-Kt+[A]0
What is Zero Order:Half-Life
,Half-Life: t1/2[A]02k
What is First Order:Integrated Rate Law
ln[A]t=-Kt+ln[A]0
What is First Order:Half-Life
t1/2=0.693K
What is Second Order:Integrated Rate Law
1[A]t=Kt+1[A]0
What is Second Order:Half-Life
t1/2=1K[A]0
What is the reaction mechanism
the series of individual chemical steps by which an overall chemical reaction occurs
What is Elementary steps
meaning that they cannot be broken down into simpler steps and that the molecules actually interact directly in this manner without any other steps
What is Molecularity
The number of reactant particles in an elementary step
1 molecule=
Unimolecular
2 molecules=
Bimolecular
3 molecules=
Termolecular
Substances that are products in an early mechanism step then reactants in a later step are called
reaction intermediates
Rate=K[A]^1=
Unimolecular
Rate=K[A]^2=
Bimolecular
Rate=K[A][B]=
Bimolecular
Rate=K[A]^3=
Termolecular
Rate=K[A]^2[B]=
Termolecular