Chapter 3 Anatomy

Nucleus

The control center of a cell that contains genetic material (DNA) and regulates cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

nuclear envelope

the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm.

nucleoli

Small structures within the nucleus responsible for ribosome production, involved in synthesizing RNA.

Cromatin

the material that makes up chromosomes, consisting of DNA and proteins. It plays a crucial role in packaging DNA so that it fits into the nucleus and is accessible for transcription and replication.

Cytoplasm

the gel-like substance inside the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus, where organelles are suspended and cellular processes occur.

Plasma membrane

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cell that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

microvilli

extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption and secretion in epithelial cells.

mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER

Smooth ER