HBS Final

Front part of human (face and abdomen region)

Anterior

Back part of a human

Posterior

Something closer to midline

Midline

Further away from midline

Lateral

Spinal side of body

Dorsal

Abdominal side of body

Ventral

Antecubital

vein inside arm

calcaneal

heel

cephalic

head

coxal

tail bone

inguinal

groin

lumbar

lower back

olecranal

elbow

popliteal

behind knee

patella

knee

sacral

hip bone

thoracic

chest cavity

osteoblasts

help with building bones

osteoclasts

help with breaking down bone

1st stage of fracture repair

Hematoma

2nd stage of fracture repair

Fibrocartilaginous callus formation

3rd stage of fracture repair

Bony callus formation

4th stage of fracture repair

Bone remodeling

Best repair method for flat bones

Plating

Best repair method for long straight bones

Nailing

Cardiac Muscle

Striated, uninucleated, involuntary

Smooth

Nonstriated, uninucleated, involuntary

Skeletal

Striated, multinucleated, voluntary

CNS

Brain and spinal cord and is control center of body

PNS

All nerves outside brain and spinal cord, connects CNS to body

What consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

brainstem

Frontal Lobe

Behavior and personality, voluntary muscle movements, emotions, and attention

Temporal Lobe

Processing sound and smell, language, and understanding

Parietal Lobe

Sensing touch, temperature, pressure, pain, language, and memory

Occiptal Lobe

Visual Perception

Cerebellum

Muscular coordination and balance

Medulla oblongata

Breathing, blood pressure, sleeping, and waking

Thalamus

Center or pain perception

Corpus Callosum

Communication between hemispheres of the brain

Hypothalamus

Coordinates pituitary gland, thirst, hunger, and sleep

Cortex

Long term memory

What do sensory neurons do

send signals to the brain

what do interneurons do

send signals within the brain

What do motor neurons do

send signals to the muscles

What opens during depolarization

sodium channels

What closes during depolarization

Potassium channels

What opens during repolarization

Potassium

What closes during repolarization

Sodium

Acetylcholine

Muscle contraction, learning, memory

Dopamine

Pleasure, motivation, mood, attention, memory, movement

GABA

primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Glutamate

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Epinephrine

Fight or flight response

Serotonin

Mood and sleep regulation

Hypothalamus

Growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress, childbirth

Pituitary Gland

Growth and development

Pineal gland

Regulates sleep and wake cycles (melatonin)

Thyroid Gland

Reproduction, water levels, growth

Thymus

Makes white blood cells until puberty

Adrenal Gland

Blood pressure, immune system

Pancreas

blood sugar, appetite, stomach acid

Ovary

Estrogen and progesterone

Testes

Testosterone

Coronary Arteries

Vessels that bring oxygenated blood to the heart itself

Left coronary artery

supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle

right coronary artery

supplies blood to the right ventricle

Systole

heart contracts to pump blood through arteries

Diastole

the heart at rest allowing the ventricles to fill with blood

Normal BP

120/80

Elevated BP

120-129/80

Hypertension stage 1

130-139/80-89

Hypertension stage 2

140 or high/90 or higher

Hypertensive crisis

Higher than 180/higher than 120

step 1 of heart conduction

The SA node initiates an electrical signal

step 2 of heart conduction

Signal spreads across both atria

step 3 of heart conduction

Signal reaches the AV node

step 4 of heart conduction

Signal travels down the bundle of his

step 5 of heart conduction

Signal splits into the left and right branches of the bundle of his

step 6 of heart conduction

Signal spreads through the purkinje fibers