IPSYO—P.test Mistakes

What functions are typically associated with the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

• Left Hemisphere: Language, logic, analytical thinking

• Right Hemisphere: Spatial abilities, creativity, face recognition, holistic processing

What is "brain lateralization"?

The idea that certain cognitive functions are specialized to one hemisphere of the brain.

How is nonhuman animal communication different from human language?

Most nonhuman systems lack syntax, grammar, and symbolic abstraction; however, some species show intentional signals (e.g., vervet monkey alarm calls, chimp gestures).

Can animals learn aspects of human language?

Some primates (e.g., Koko the gorilla) can learn signs and symbols, but not true grammar.

What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?

Behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated; those with unpleasant outcomes are less likely.

How does this relate to operant conditioning?

It laid the groundwork for Skinner’s operant conditioning model of reinforcement and punishment.

Do attitudes always predict behavior?

No. Behavioral intentions and situational factors often predict behavior better than attitudes.

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A model stating that behavior is influenced by intentions, which are shaped by attitudes, norms, and perceived control.

How does classical conditioning influence attitudes?

We form preferences by associating neutral stimuli with positive/negative experiences (e.g., liking a jingle you hear during happy events).

What are other ways attitudes form?

• Operant conditioning: Reinforcement shapes beliefs

• Observational learning: Modeling others

• Mere exposure: Repeated exposure increases liking