Human Anatomy Quiz 26: Accessory Organs

human anatomy more like Luman Lanatomy

small intestines

Where does food enter after the stomach?

small intestines, enzymes, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Where does the rest of chemical digestion occur? What is the chemical digestion dependent on? Secreted by which organs?

exocrine, endocrine

What are the two portions that the pancreas has?

pancreatic duct

Where do the pancreatic juices enter?

empty the secretions into the duodenum

What does the pancreatic duct do?

cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream which maintain homeostasis

What does the endocrine portion of the pancreas have?

insulin, glucagon

What are some examples of hormones that the endocrine portion of the pancreas secretes?

sodium bicarbonate, pancreatic amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase, pancreatic lipase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease

What substances does the pancreatic juice have? (9 things)

neutralize chyme coming in from stomach

What does sodium bicarbonate do?

digest starch

What does pancreatic amylase do?

trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase

Which enzymes in the pancreatic juice are responsible for digesting proteins?

digest proteins

What do trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, and elastase do?

digest triglycerides

What does pancreatic lipase do?

digest DNA and RNA

What do ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease do?

inactive form, other enzymes, small intestines

Many enzymes in the pancreas are secreted in ________ ______. They are activated by _______ ___________ in the _____ __________ once they arrive there.

liver

After the skin, what is the heaviest organ in the body?

diaphragm

What is the liver inferior to?

posterior surface of liver

Where is the gallbladder located?

large, small

The liver has a _____ right lobe and a _______ left lobe

falciform ligament, ligamentum teres (round ligament), coronary ligaments

What is the liver suspended by? (3 things)

lobule

What is the functional unit of the liver?

hexagon, hepatocytes

What is the lobule shaped like? What type of cells are they made of?

a central vein

What are the hepatocytes arranged around?

permeable capillaries, sinusoids

What are present in the central vein that the hepatocytes are arranged around? What are these also known as?

hepatocytes

What is bile secreted by?

small intestines, gallbladder

Some of the bile secreted by hepatocytes enters what right away? Some of the bile is stored in where?

water, bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin, bile pigments

What is the brownish liquid composed of? (5 things)

excretory product, digestive secretion

What are the two parts that bile is composed of?

bilirubin, hemoglobin of broken down red blood cells

In the excretory product of the bile, the pigment is _________ which comes from?

intestines, stercobilin, gives feces its brown color

Where is the bilirubin further broken down in? What is it turned into? What does this do?

emulsify fats, absorb lipids

What do the bile salts in the digestive secretion help to do?

break down large lipid globules into smaller ones, pancreatic lipase to act on them

What does emulsification do? What does this allow for?

hepatic artery

Where does the liver receive oxygenated blood from?

hepatic portal vein

Where does the liver get deoxygenated, but nutrient-rich blood from?

small intestines

Where does the hepatic portal vein arise from?

sinusoids

Once in the liver, where does the blood from the liver go to?

oxygen, nutrients, toxins

What enters the hepatocytes? (3 things)

back into blood via central vein to hepatic vein

Where are the products of hepatocytes and unneeded nutrients secreted?

regulates blood glucose levels, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, processes drugs and hormones, excrete bilirubin, make bile salts, storage, phagocytosis of old cells and bacteria, activates vitamin D

What are the nine functions of the liver?