Biology I Lab Final

First step of the scientific method

observation

Which variable never changes?

Control Variable

Which variable is the one that responds and/or is measured?

Dependent Variable

You always write the Procedure in present tense

False

Which of the following terms is an educated guess of the outcome of the experiment?

Hypothesis

A dependent variable represents a quantity whose value depends on how the independent variable is manipulated.

True

What are you required to bring to lab with you each week?

Lab book, Goggles. Gloves

What does the pH scale range from?

0-14

What was the red pigment in plants called?

Anthocyanin

When you dipped the blue lithmus paper in an acidic solution, it would turn green.

False

A pH that reads as "14" is a

Strong Base

The Red Cabbage was NOT a good pH indicator

False

When you dipped the Red Lithmus paper in the solutions in lab, if the substance was acidic, what color did it turn?

Red

A substance with a pH of 7 is a

Neutral

Red Litmus paper will turn ... in a base

Blue

If potatoes showed a black color when testing, what does that mean?

Positive for starch

What would a black or purple color signify when using iodine solution?

Positive for starch

What is the positive color change for the protein test?

Light Purple

Biuret's test reagent must be heated with a hot water bath to react for starch testing?

False

What is the test reagent used to detect for the presence of starch?

Potassium Iodine

Reducing sugar test

Benedict's test

Lipids test

Sudan III. Dark Red=Negative. Orange Red=Positive.

Amino Acid

Protein

Protein test

Biuret test, blue if negative, purple if positive

If you were asked to test a solution for the presence of a reducing sugar (like glucose), what would be the full positive test result? (large amount of reducing sugar)

Black Red

What is the monomer (building block) of a protein?

amino acids

Sucrose tested positive as a Reducing Sugar

Negative

In your Macromolecule lab, what color did your potato turn during the starch test?

Black / Purple

Hydrophobic means Water Fearing. This is why SUDAN works for the Lipid Test.

True

Biomolecules are macromolecules found in living systems that contain five or more carbon atoms.

True

Based on the Sudan III test results, the distilled water should be positive.

False

What is the negative color for the absence of protein?

blue

If you were asked to test a solution for the presence of a reducing sugar (like glucose), what type of test could be done?

Benedicts test

When testing for proteins what is the testing reagent?

Biurets Reaction

What is the correct way to carry a microscope?

One hand holding on to the arm, and the other supporting the base.

Osmosis

diffusion of water

Diffusion

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Brownian movement

random movement of particles

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

What combines with enzymes

substrate

Induced fit

The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate, induced by entry of the substrate.

words ending in ase is usually a

enzyme

words ending with ose means

sugar

Disaccharide

2 sugar molecule

hypertonic solution

a solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis

hypotonic solution

a solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis

isotonic solution

cell retaining its normal shape

prokaryotic cell

cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles

Eukaryotic cells

have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Red litmus paper

Stays red for acids, turns blue for bases

Blue litmus paper

Stays blue for base, turns red for acids

Neutral litmus paper

turns red in acid; turns blue in base

wide range pH paper

used to determine the pH

test for starch

potassium iodide

tests for lipids

Sudan III

Test for protein

Biuret test

Tests for Carbohydrates (reducing sugar)

Benedict's Solution

Tests for Sugars

Growth phase 1

G1 phase, cell grows

G2 phase

cell continues growing and prepares to duplicate

S phase

synthesis phase

M phase

mitosis

how many stages in mitosis

5

What is the 1st phase of mitosis?

prophase

What is the 2nd phase of mitosis?

prometaphase

What is the 3rd phase of mitosis?

metaphase

What is the 4th phase of mitosis?

anaphase

What is the 5th phase of mitosis?

telophase

DNA never leaves the nucleus (T/F)

True

mRNA (messenger RNA)

messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

tRNA (transfer RNA)

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

codon

three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

anti-codon

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.

what binds the bases together in DNA (bond)

Hydrogen bond

genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

father of genetics

Gregor Mendel

homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Heterozygous

having two different alleles for a trait

chemical equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

cellular respiration

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

How does number of stomata affect water loss

The more stomata density the more CO2 can be taken up, and the more water can be released.

mitosis

division of the nucleus

End Resut of Mitosis

1 cell has become 2
New cells made
Genetic info stayed the same
Number of chromosomes stayed the same
No genetic diversity

Meiosis

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

longest phase of the cell cycle

Interphase

shortest phase of mitosis

anaphase

3 phases of interphase

G1, S, G2

solute

Substance being dissolved

solvent

the substance in which the solute dissolves

rate of diffusion

amount of gas diffusing through a given area over a given time

membrane permeability

degree to which a membrane allows a substance to pass through it

units of molarity

mol/L

water potential

The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow

Tonicity

the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

tests for starch

Iodine test Blue and black

tests for lipids

Sudan III Red

tests for protein

Biuret test blue to purple