Circulatory & blood

Blood is made up by what?

Plasma

cells

Blood Platelets or Thrombocytes

The plasma contains what in it?

Salts/mineral

water

proteins

Where does the red color of the blood come from?

Hemoglobin

an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen

Hemoglobin

What is the protein in hemoglobin that contains Iron?

Heme

With what does iron react w/ that makes it become red

oxygen

What is the original color of the blood cells before it becomes overpowered by the pigment

Pale yellow plasma

Blood plasma transport solutes all over the body Which includes?

Water

Inorganic salts

Blood Proteins

Digested Food Products

Hormones

Vitamins

Antibodies

Gases in Solution

Waste Produces

WBC (Leukocytes) are formed by blood forming organs which are?

the bone marrow

liver

spleen

lymph nodes

thymus gland

RBC have what type of nuclie upon maturity

Lose nuclei

About how many RBC are found per cubic millimeter of blood

4.5-6 million

RBC are destroyed by what in the body

liver spleen and lymph nodes

What does RBC transport from the lungs to the tissue and cells of the body

Oxygen

How many WBC are found per cubic mm of blood

6,000-10,000

What are the two types of WBC?

Granulocytes & Agranulocytes

Which WBC contains granules?

Granulocytes

Which WBC does not contain no obvious granules

Agranulocytes

a tiny storage sac inside a cell containing substances the cell may need or
release (enzymes, chemicals or proteins). Helps white blood cells to destroy pathogens

Granule

What are the different types of Granulocytes ?

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

What percentage of granulocytes do neutrophils make up and what color do they stain?

60-70% & lilac color

What percentage of granulocytes do Eosinophils make up and what color do they stain?

2-3% & red

What percentage of granulocytes do basophils make up and what color do they stain?

<1% & blue

What are the different types of Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes & Monocytes

Which Agranulocyte compromises 25% of leukocytes and formed in the lymphoid tissue

Lymphocytes

Which Agranulocyte is formed in the bone marrow

Monocytes

Functions of the blood

Defend the body from bacterial infections

Help repair damaged tissues

Aid in the clotting of blood

What increases in number in asthma and some parasitic diseases

Eosinophils

What is responsible for the development of immunity, the production of antibodies

Lymphocytes

Where are platelets(thrombocytes) formed?

Bone marrow

What is the function of platelets

blood clotting

Around how many platelets are found in per cubic mm of blood

200,000-400,000

The systemic vessels and circulatory system Distribute blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except…

the air sac of the lung of the body (Alveoli)

The systemic vessels and circulatory system Conveys blood from the left ventricle - to the aorta-to its branches-to capillaries - to tributaries and finally to where?

superior & inferior vena cava

From the superior & inferior vena cava where does the blood go to?

Right atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle

Aorta

The Aorta is broken down into 4 parts which are?

Ascending

Arch

Descending

Abdominal

Which Part of the Aorta is on the right side of the body?

Ascending

Which Parts of the Aorta is on the left side of the body?

Arch & Descending

is the first and largest artery that branches off the aortic arch

Brachiocephalic Trunk (artery)

The Brachiocephalic artery of the Aorta is further broken down into what?

Right Common Carotid

Right Subclavian

The Right common carotid artery is further broken down into what?

Right External Artery

Right Internal Artery

The Aortic Arch is broken down into other arteries on the left side called what?

Left Common Carotid Artery

Left Subclavian Artery

The abdominal Aorta is broken down into 2 types of branches which are what?

Paired & unpaired branches

What are the pair branches of the Aorta?

Inferior Phrenic Arteries

Middle Suprarenal Arteries

Renal Arteries

Ovarian and Testicular Arteries (Gonadal)

Lumbar Arteries

What are the unpair branches of the Aorta?

Celiac trunk

Superior Mesenteric Arteries

Inferior mesenteric Artery

Middle Sacral artery

supply the gastric, splenic, and common hepatic

Celiac trunk

supply the small intestines and proximal half of the large intestine

Superior Mesenteric Arteries

Supply the distal half of the large intestine

Inferior mesenteric Artery

supply the pelvis

Middle Sacral Artery

Where does the Abdominal Aorta divide into 2 equal branches

L4

What are the branches that the Abdominal Aorta equally divide into

Left Common Iliac Artery & Right Common Iliac Artery

The Left Common Iliac Artery & Right Common Iliac Artery further divided into what?

internal Artery (right and left)

external artery (right and left)

Arteries of the Upper Limb

Subclavian Artery

Axillary Artery

Brachial Artery

Radial Artery

Ulnar Artery

One Dorsal and two Palmar Arteries

Arteries of the Lower Limb

External Artery

Femoral Artery

Popliteal Artery

Posterior Tibia Artery

Peroneal Artery

Anterior Tibial Artery

Dorsal Artery of the foot

Collects blood from all of the body above the diaphragm except the air sacs of the lungs

Superior vena cava

The Suprior vena cava is formed by the union of the… in the upper thorax

left & right brachiocephalic veins

Contributories of the Superior vena cava are:

Right and Left Brachiocephalic Veins

Two brachiocephalic veins, but one artery

Internal Jugular Veins

Subclavian Veins

Azygos Vein

Hemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygos

Collects blood from the inferior half of the body

Inferior Vena Cava

Inferior vena cava is formed by the union of which veins

right and left common iliac veins.

Contributories of the Inferior vena cava

Common Iliac Vein

Internal Iliac Vein

External Iliac Veins

Abdominal Tributaries

Abdominal Tributaries drain blood from:

Ovaries and testes

Kidneys Veins

Adrenals Veins

Phrenic Veins

Lumbar Veins

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb

Saphenous Vein (great or long)

Small or short saphenous veins

Basically, the deep veins accompany the arteries and take the name of
the adjacent artery.

Deep veins of lower extremities

Superficial veins of the upper limbs

Cephalic Veins

Basilic Veins

Median Antecubital Veins

Deep veins of the upper limb

Two Ulna Veins

Axillary Veins

Subclavian Veins

Portal Vessels and Circulation

Portal Vein

Superior Mesenteric Vein

Splenic Vein

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

Is the route of blood from the heart through the lungs and back to the heart

Pulmonary Circulation

Blood travels through the right ventricle – pulmonary trunk – right and left pulmonary arteries – capillaries into lungs from what veins and how many veins travel the blood to the left atrium

2 right & 2 left pulmonary veins

Inner layer, endothelium

Tunica Intima

Middle layer, muscle layer

Tunica Media

Outer layer, made of connective tissue

Tunica Adventia

an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells that determines if a blood type is positive or negative

RH Factor

a soluble protein produced by the liver that the body converts into insoluble fibrin to form blood clots and stop bleeding

Fibrinogen

a serious, life-threatening blood condition defined by an extremely low level of neutrophils

Agranulocytosis

a blood disorder where your body makes too many red blood cells

Polycythemia

a condition where your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues

Anemia

a medical condition where your white blood cell count is higher than normal

Leukocytosis

a protein-rich cellular mixture (containing tissue factor and phospholipids) that plays a vital role in triggering the blood-clotting cascade

Thromboplastin

a protein produced by your liver that plays an essential role in blood clotting

Prothrombin

an injectable anticoagulant (blood thinner) used to treat and prevent dangerous blood clots in blood vessels, the heart, and the lungs

Heparin

a medical condition defined by a lower-than-normal number of circulating white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood

Leucopenia

medical term for a nosebleed

Epitaxis

a pooled collection of clotted or partially clotted blood that forms outside of blood vessels, usually caused by a damaged artery, vein, or capillary

Hematoma

a type of blood disorder where your body cannot absorb vitamin B12 because your stomach lacks a helper protein called intrinsic factor

Pernicious anemia