Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease BPD

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A type of chronic lung disease commonly occurring in preterm and low-birth-weight infants, characterized by the need for continued oxygen use after the neonatal period.

Chronic Lung Disease

A long-term lung condition that can arise from various factors, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Risk factors for BPD

Includes male gender, preterm birth, nutritional deficiencies, pulmonary hypertension, and excessive fluid intake.

Pathophysiology of BPD

Involves surfactant deficiency, lung injury from mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, inflammation, and poor alveolarization.

Signs and symptoms of BPD

Tachypnea, poor weight gain, tachycardia, cyanosis, nasal flaring, bronchospasm, and abnormal breath sounds.

Nursing Management for BPD

Focuses on improving supportive care, minimizing lung injury, monitoring respiratory status, and ensuring adequate nutrition.

Treatment strategies for BPD

Includes administration of prenatal steroids, exogenous surfactant, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation.

Oxygen toxicity

A condition caused by exposure to high concentrations of oxygen, which can lead to lung damage and BPD.

Mechanical ventilation

A method of assisting or controlling breathing in patients, which may contribute to lung injury in preterm infants.

Prevention strategies for BPD

Include using lower target oxygen saturation levels, early closure of the patent ductus arteriosus, and appropriate nutritional support.

Infant's nutritional needs in BPD

High caloric intake may be required to promote growth and compensate for calories expended due to increased work of breathing.

Social support for families of BPD infants

Essentials that include educating parents on managing oxygen-dependent infants and accessing community resources.