Clin Med 1 Infectious Disease 3

Staphylococcus aureus

The most common staphylococcal infections

Normally on the skin, Break in skin or mucous membrane, Suppurative - form abscesses/ pus-filled

What can staphylococcus aureus cause?

Cellulitis, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles in skin

How does staphylococcus aureus spread?

Through hematogenous spreading (blood)

Bone, joint, and heart valves

How to control staphylococcus aureus?

Proper handwashing

What does MRSA stand for?

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

How is hospital vs community acquired MRSA different?

Hospital MRSA is severe and hard to treat

Community acquired is mild and needs an antibiotic to treat

Why is MRSA more prevalent?

Misuse of antibiotics, Resistant to more antibiotics

Where is MRSA colonized?

Nasal Mucosa

How to treat MRSA?

Clindamycin, sulfa, and possibly quinolones if skin infection

Need aggressive IV antibiotics if more severe

How does MRSA present?

Infection of open wound, pimple-like lesion, spider bite, infected mosquito bite

Progresses quick

Forms abscesses

MRSA

What is streptococcus pyogenes?

group A strep

True of False: Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis.

True

What are the symptoms for streptococcus pyogenes?

Sore throat w/o runny nose or cough, Fever, Headache, Nausea, Exudate, Lymphadenopathy

Strep throat

What are the ways of evaluating strep throat?

Culture, Rapid strep test

Why is a culture not as good at evaluating strep throat?

Duration of time to find is not as reliable

Why is rapid strep test a good test?

Antigen test and quick

Treatments for strep throat

Self-limited, Penicillin to avoid complications

Complication of strep throat

Rheumatic Fever

What does rheumatic fever do?

Diffuses the inflammation process

What type of hypersensitivity is Rheumatic Fever?

Type 2 hypersensitivity, Cross-reactive antibodies

What are the signs and symptoms for rheumatic fever?

Migratory arthralgias (spreading joint pain), Subcutaneous nodules, Chorea (abnormal moves - dancing or smooth moves), Flat skin rash, Valvular destruction, Weakness, Malaise (feeling ill), weight loss, anorexia

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A complication of strep throat

Hypersensitivity of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Type 3 hypersensitivity, Affects the glomerulus of kidneys

What is Streptococcus pneumoniae also known as?

pneumococcus

Can streptococcus pneumoniae be seen on a gram stain? If so, how does it present?

Yes, it does present on a Gram stain. Presents as a diplococcus

What is the most common cause of pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What can Streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

Otitis media (ear infection), Meningitis, Sepsis

What are vaccines for children for streptococcus pneumonia?

Prevnar

What are the vaccines for adults for streptococcus pneumoniae?

Pneumovax

Where is c. difficile found?

Normal flora in the intestines

True or False: C. diff is not resistant to antibiotics

False

Wha happens if antibiotics kill off other normal flora?

C. diff can overgrow

What is the inflammatory infection of c. diff?

Pseudomembranous colitis

How to get rid of c. diff?

Soap and water, Alcohol sanitizer does not work

What is pseudomonas?

A common nosocomial infection (health care environment infection)

What are the risk factors of pseudomonas

Burns, urinary catheters, cystic fibrosis, chronic lung disease, swimming pools, whirlpools

What does pseudomonas result in?

Pneumonia, UTI, and wound infections

What is the rate of resistance for pseudomonas?

High