Sources of Illogical Thinking

Sources of Illogical Thinking Flashcards

What are some sources of illogical thinking according to D.Q. McInerny?

Skepticism, Evasive Agnosticism, Cynicism and Naïve Optimism, Narrow-Mindedness, Emotion, Lack of common sense, and arguing instead of reasoning.

What should you consciously avoid to improve logical thinking?

Harmful attitudes or points of view that lead to illogical thinking. This requires discipline and effort.

Why is selective skepticism important?

It involves reserving judgment until sufficient information is available to make a responsible decision.

What is evasive agnosticism?

It is attempting to pass off vincible ignorance (ignorance that can be overcome) as invincible ignorance, often due to indifference or laziness.

How do cynicism and naïve optimism lead to illogical thinking?

Cynicism leads to negative estimates without sufficient evidence, blinding us to possibilities. Naïve optimism leads to positive estimates without sufficient evidence, giving us a skewed view of the present and setting us up for future disappointment.

What is narrow-mindedness?

Refusing to consider alternatives that do not meet prejudiced assumptions.

How do emotions affect clear thinking?

Intense emotional states make it difficult to think clearly and behave temperately. Reasoning should be prioritized over emotional appeals.

What is the primary purpose of reasoning?

The objective of reasoning is to attain the truth. It should not be misused for other purposes, such as covering up lies.

What is the difference between argumentation and quarreling?

Argumentation is rational discourse with the objective of getting at the truth. Quarreling lacks this objective.

Why is sincerity not enough for sound reasoning?

Sincerity is necessary but not sufficient. Evidence is needed to prove an argument and transform falsehood into truth.

What is the role of common sense in logic?

Logic respects common sense, which is everyday reasoning born out of an awareness of and respect for the obvious. It involves sticking to the basics and using language to reveal things, not conceal them.

What should one do to create good arguments?

Be aware of possible mistakes, avoid harmful attitudes that prevent clear thinking, put oneself in the correct mental condition, and check emotional states, biases, and prejudices.