FINALS - SCIENCE

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92 Terms

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What is Earth science?

Study of Earth and space

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What is density

Mass ÷ volume

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What happens to density if mass increases but volume stays the same?

Density increases

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Which is more dense: a rock or water?

Rock

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Why do some objects float?

They are less dense than water

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How many main atmosphere layers are there?

5

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Which layer do we live in?

Troposphere

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Which layer has the ozone layer?

Stratosphere

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In which layers does temperature increase with height?

Stratosphere & Thermosphere

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Why does temperature change by layer?

Different energy absorption

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What is weather?

Short-term atmospheric conditions

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  1. What tool measures temperature?

  1. Thermometer

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  1. What causes wind?

  1. Differences in air pressure

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  1. Warm air rises or sinks?

Rises

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  1. What causes clouds?

  1. Condensation

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What is climate

  1. Long-term weather patterns

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  1. Climate is measured over how many years?

30 years

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  1. What gas causes global warming most?

  1. Carbon dioxide

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  1. What causes climate change?

  1. Increased greenhouse gases

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  1. Fossil fuels increase what gas?

  1. CO₂

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  1. Why is Earth unevenly heated?

  1. Sun hits Earth at different angles

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  1. Where is sunlight most direct?

equator

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  1. What climate zone is near the equator?

Tropical

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  1. What climate zone is near the poles?

Polar

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  1. Uneven heating causes what?

  1. Climate zones

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  1. What is a renewable resource?

  1. Can be replaced naturally

27
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  1. Example of renewable energy?

Solar

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  1. What is a nonrenewable resource?

  1. Cannot be replaced quickly

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  1. Example of nonrenewable energy?

Coal

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  1. Fossil fuels are renewable or nonrenewable?

  1. Nonrenewable

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  1. What are the 3 layers of Earth?

  1. Crust, Mantle, Core

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  1. Which layer is hottest?

  1. Core

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  1. What causes volcanoes?

  1. Magma reaching surface

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  1. What causes earthquakes?

  1. Plate movement

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  1. What is magma called above ground?

Lava

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  1. What is the rigid outer layer called?

  1. Lithosphere

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  1. What instrument measures earthquakes?

  1. Seismograph

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  1. Earthquakes release what energy?

  1. Seismic waves

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  1. Volcanoes often form at what boundaries?

  1. Plate boundaries

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  1. Mantle material flows by what process?

  1. Convection

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  1. Where is ocean crust youngest?

  1. At mid-ocean ridges

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  1. Where is ocean crust oldest?

  1. Far from ridge

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  1. New crust forms from what?

Magma

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  1. Ocean crust is made mostly of what rock?

  1. Basalt

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  1. New crust forms at which boundary?

  1. Divergent

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  1. What are tectonic plates?

  1. Pieces of Earth’s lithosphere

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  1. How many major plates are there?

About 7

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  1. Plates move due to what?

  1. Mantle convection

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  1. Plates move how fast?

  1. Very slowly

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  1. Plate movement causes what events?

  1. Earthquakes & volcanoes

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  1. What are seismic waves?

  1. Energy from earthquakes

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  1. Which wave is fastest?

P-wave

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  1. Which wave causes most damage?

  1. S-wave

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  1. Which waves move through solids only?

S-wave

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  1. Surface waves travel where?

  1. Earth’s surface

56
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  1. What is the Big Bang Theory?

  1. Universe began expanding

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  1. What evidence shows galaxies moving apart?

  1. Red shift

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  1. What background radiation supports Big Bang?

  1. Cosmic microwave radiation (CMR)

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  1. What element supports Big Bang?

  1. Hydrogen

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  1. Universe is expanding or shrinking?

  1. Expanding

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  1. What is a star made of?

  1. Hot gases

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  1. What powers stars?
    l

  1. Nuclear fusion

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  1. Our star is called?

The Sun

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  1. Bigger stars burn fuel faster or slower?

Faster

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  1. Star color depends on what?

temperature

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  1. What is an atom?

  1. Smallest unit of matter

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  1. What are the 3 subatomic particles?

  1. Protons, neutrons, electrons

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  1. Periodic table is arranged by what?

  1. Atomic number

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  1. Elements in same column share what?

Properties

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  1. What is the nucleus?

  1. Center of atom

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  1. Nuclear reactions involve what?

  1. Nucleus changes

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  1. Fusion or fission powers the Sun?

  1. Fusion

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  1. Nuclear reactions release what?

Energy

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  1. What happens in fission?

  1. Nucleus splits

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  1. What is a chemical bond?

  1. Atoms joining

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  1. Ionic bond involves what?

  1. Electron transfer

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  1. Covalent bond involves what?

  1. Electron sharing

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  1. Water is which type of bond?

  1. Covalent

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  1. Chemical formula shows what?

  1. Elements & amounts

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  1. What is a chemical reaction?

  1. Substances change

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  1. Reactants are on which side?

left

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  1. Products are on which side?

right

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  1. Signs of reaction include what?

  1. Color change, gas, heat

84
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  1. Mass is conserved means what?

  1. Mass stays same

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  1. What is an isotope?

  1. Same element, different neutrons

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  1. Isotopes change what number?

  1. Mass number

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  1. Do isotopes have same protons?

Yes

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  1. Carbon-14 is used for what?

  1. Dating fossils

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  1. Isotope chemistry stays same or different?

same

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