Microbial Diversity

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53 Terms

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Cell
it is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
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cell theory
it is a collection of ideas and conclusions from many different scientists over time that describes cells and how cells operate
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Robert Hooke 1665
who discovered cells and when?
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anton van leeuwenhoek 1674
who observed living cell and when?
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robert brown 1883
who discovered nucleus and when?
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felix dujardin 1835
who discovered fluid content of cell and when?
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Matthias Schleiden 1838
who proposed all plants are made up of cells and when?
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J.E. Purkinje 1839
who named fluid content of cell as protoplasm and when?
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Theodor Schwann 1839
who proposed all animals are made up of cells and when?
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Carl Heinrich Braun 1845
who proposed cell is the basic unit of life and when?
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Rudolf Virchow 1855
who proposed all cells arise from pre-existing cells and when?
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prokaryotes
it includes bacteria and archaea
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Cocci
usually round but can be oval, elongated or flattened on one side. When it divides to produce, the cells can remain attached to one another.
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diplococci
remain in pairs after dividing
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streptococci
divide and remain attached in chainlike patterns
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tetrads
divide in 2 planes and remain in groups of 4
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sarcinae
divide in 3 planes and remain attached in cube-like groups of 8
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staphylococci
divide in multiple planes and form grapelike clusters or broad sheets
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bacilli
they mostly appear as single rods
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diplobacilli
appear in pairs after division
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streptobacilli
occur in chains
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coccobailli
looks oval
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vibrios
bacteria that look like curved rods
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spirilla
- have a helical shape, like a corkscrew
- Has whip-like external appendages called flagella for movemen
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spirochetes
- spirals which are helical and flexible
- Move by means of axial filaments that looks like flagella
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flagella
Has whip-like external appendages in spirilla for movement
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axial filaments
move by means ______________ that looks like flagella
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Coccus
Single coccus
Single coccus
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diplococcus
pair of two cocci
pair of two cocci
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tetrad
grouping of four cells arranged in a square
grouping of four cells arranged in a square
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streptococcus
chain of cocci
chain of cocci
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staphylococcus
cluster of cocci
cluster of cocci
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bacillus
single rod
single rod
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streptobacillus
chain of rods
chain of rods
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Glycocalyx
- means sugar coat
- term used for substances that surrounds cell
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capsule and slime layer
what are the two types of glycocalyx?
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capsule
- substance is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall
- it protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis by the cells of the host
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slime layer
- the substance is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall
- it enables pathogenic
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flagella
are long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria
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1. monotrichous
2. amphitricous
3. lophotrichous
4. peritrichous
what is the arrangement of flagella?
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monotrichous
single polar flagellum
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amphitricous
a tuft of flagella at each end of the cell
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lophotrichous
2 or more flagella at 1 pole of the cell
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peritrichous
flagella distributed over the entire cell
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filament
long outermost and constant in diameter
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hook
where filament is located and consist of different protein
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basal body
it anchors the flagellum to the cell wall and plasma membrane
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taxis
it is the movement of bacteria toward or away from a particular stimulus
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axial filaments
allows spirochetes to move in a spiral, helical, or inchworm manner
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fimbriae and pili
they have hairlike structures, most often observed on gram-negative bacteria
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Fimbriae
can occur at the poles of the bacterial cell or they can be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the cell
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Pili
usually longer than fimbriae and only one or 2 every cell
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Cell Wall

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