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Define the concept of total fertility rate
Average number of children born to a female during her childbearing years.
Describe one difference between the total fertility rate and the rate of natural increase
The NIR measures population growth, while the TFR measures fertility.
Explain one way the total fertility rate changes as a country shifts from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing based economy
The TFR changes as children are no longer seen as assets to a farm and so a high quantity of children are no longer needed. This also comes with the fact that raising a child may become even more expensive prompting a family to have less children. Because of this, women will be less likely to have a lot of children in her childbearing years and the TFR will decrease.
Explain how access to education for women in less developed countries is likely to affect the total fertility rate
Access to education for women is likely to decrease the TFR as when education becomes more readily accessible to women, they tend to pursue higher level jobs and education meaning they may choose to have no children to very few.
Explain the degree to which access to specialized women’s health care (i.e. gynecologic or obstetric care) in more developed countries is likely to affect a country’s total fertility rate
Access to specialized healthcare for women helps lower the TFR to a high degree. Since access to abortion becomes easier, women will be able to terminate unwanted or fatal pregnancies. This will lead women to have less children especially if the child is unwanted.
Explain one economic reason why governments enact pronatalist policies
One economic reason might be to counteract against declining birthrates. Declining birthrates may eventually result in a population with a high elderly support ratio and result in lowering economic productivity. Using pronatalist policies boosts birthrates and the economy as younger adults can raise economic productivity.
Explain one way in which a government may influence an individual’s family planning decisions by implementing a pronatalist policy
One way a government may influence an individual’s family planning decisions is by providing financial incentives for families with multiple children. By reducing the financial burden of having children, more people will be encouraged to have children. This way the government can influence family planning and increase more birth rates.
Identify the world region on the map with the highest rates of natural increase.
The region on the map with the highest rates of natural increase is sub-Saharan Africa with a natural increase rate of 2.1%-3.9%.
Using the region identified in part A, explain ONE factor that contributes to high population growth rates.
One factor might be the government offering incentives for families with children. Since people will get tax cuts or cash benefits, they will be encouraged to have more children. This is one of many factors that contributes to high population growth rates
Using the region identified in part A, explain ANOTHER factor that contributes to high population growth rates.
Another factor is that children are seen as laborers. Once children become old enough to work, they are often used to help with farming or working to provide for the family. Women are encouraged to have more children to have more providers for the family.
Using the region identified in part A, explain A THIRD factor that contributes to high population growth rates.
A third factor is that many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have few laws regarding age of consent. This results in girls as young as 12 to be forced to marry much older men and extend a woman’s childbearing years to much larger range. Since they are now reproducing from a broader range they are likely able to have a lot more children.
Describe ONE economic incentive that a country with a high population growth rate could use to decrease population growth.
One economic incentive is increasing the availability of contraceptives to men and women. By making it easier to get contraceptives, women and men can prevent pregnancies. This in result leads to a decreasing population growth and more resources
Identify ONE potential impact of this strategy.
Increasing the availability of contraceptives might lead to reduced birth rates or fertility rates.
Describe ONE social program or policy that a country with a high population growth rate could use to decrease population growth.
One social program or policy a country could use is increasing education of girls and promoting women to aim for higher levels of education. By encouraging women to get more educated, they are less likely to have many children. This would also help decrease population growth.
Explain the demographic characteristics of country A with respect to the demographic transition model.
Based off the demographic characteristics of country A, I can tell that Country A is in stage 2 of the demographic transition model. From the population pyramid I can tell that there are a lot of young people, indicating a high birth rate. There is also very little amount of people who are 75+ but there are many who are between the ages of 40 to 60. This shows that it’s likely the death rate is dropping. The only stage that has both dropping death rate and a very high birth rate is Stage 2. Therefore, this country is in Stage 2.
Explain the demographic characteristics of country B with respect to the demographic transition model.
Country B is in stage 4 of the demographic transition model. Country B has both low birth rates and death rates. The model indicates that because there is a similar percentage of young people as there is to older people. Stage 4 means that this country is developed. Tere is also an aging population which indicates that this country may be entering Stage 5 of the demographic transition model.
Discuss ONE positive impact of country A's population structure on its economic development.
One positive impact is that the workforce is expanding and large which boosts country As economy. Since the death rate is decreasing and the birth rate is increasing more people are being born and soon they will be able to work. Since many people are working, Country A will be able to move into a more industrial country and make even more money.
Discuss ONE positive impact of country B's population structure on its economic development.
One positive impact is that there would be more women in paying jobs. This could lead to ceos and bosses being women and more fresh ideas and innovations that increase the hdi of Country B.
Discuss ONE negative impact of country A's population structure on its economic development.
One negative impact is high youth dependency ratio. As more people are born, the working class has to provide for them. This causes a great strain as the working age population has to financially support the youth.
Discuss ONE negative impact of country B's population structure on its economic development.
high elderly dependency ratio. as more people get older, the working class has to provide for them and healthcare. This causes a great strain as the working age population has to financially support the elderly and the government needds to give healthcare and make it more accesible..
Identify ONE reason the average population age is increasing in A countries.
Explain your answer to part A.
One reason is reduced fertility rate. Women are more educated in MDCs and many women have full time jobs, or stay in school longer, after highschool. Because of this, women end up being delayed in starting families and their range of childbearing years is shortened. This results in less children and lowers the TFR.
Identify ANOTHER reason the average population age is increasing in developed countries.
Explain your answer to part C.
Another reason is that there is an increased life expectancy. The healthcare in MDCs is much better than in LDCs, and in result more people can be saved from diseases. Healthcare in more MDCs is also easily accessible and usualy affordable.
Identify one social consequence that countries face as their populations age.
The country may adapt and add more accommodations for the elderly while also removing schools and places used by the youth. This can cause the youth to have less resources, like schools and daycares while the elderly get communities.
Explain one social consequence that countries face as their populations age.
Adult children will have to financially support their parents. This can cause strain as now the adult children will have to support both their parents and even their children.
Identify one economic consequence that countries face as their populations age.
Adult children will have to financially support their parents. This can cause strain as now the adult children will have to support both their parents and even their children.
Explain one economic consequence that countries face as their populations age
Identify ONE reason why some geographers today believe Malthus' theory can be used to predict future population issues.
Explain your answer to part A.
population has been rising very quickly unlike in the past. this is because of contraceptions not being used,
Identify ANOTHER reason why some geographers today believe Malthus' theory can be used to predict future population issues.
Explain your answer to part C.
food supply has increased but not as fast as the population has. fwrmland has been converted to urban land, desertification and limited fresh water use has also limited the amount of farming
Identify ONE reason why some geographers today believe Malthus' theory cannot be used to predict future population issues.
Explain your answer to part E.
population is slowing down and isnt growing how malthus predicted it would. this is bc in stage 3,4,5 of the demographic transition model, the cbr begins to decline in many countries and in stage 5 the cdr surpasses the cbr
Identify ANOTHER reason why some geographers today believe Malthus' theory cannot be used to predict future population issues.
Explain your answer to part G.
we are finding new ways to preserve food like processed and packaged food. this makes it wasier to keep food from becoming rotten and thrown out. as we progress more wyad to preserve food will be discovered.
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