Chapter 1 - Data representation

Binary system

A number system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all values.

Denary

The base 10 number system, also known as decimal system.

Binary to denary conversion

The process of converting a binary number to its equivalent denary (decimal) number.

Denary to binary conversion

The process of converting a denary (decimal) number to its equivalent binary number.

Hexadecimal system

A number system that uses 16 different digits (0-9 and A-F) to represent each value.

Binary to hexadecimal conversion

The process of converting a binary number to its equivalent hexadecimal number.

Hexadecimal to binary conversion

The process of converting a hexadecimal number to its equivalent binary number.

Error codes

Codes that indicate the location and nature of an error in a computer system.

MAC addresses

Unique identifiers assigned to network devices, represented by 6 groups of two hexadecimal digits.

IPv6 addresses

Internet Protocol version 6 addresses, represented by 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits.

HTML colour codes

Codes used to represent colors in HTML, consisting of combinations of three primary colors (red, green, blue) represented by hexadecimal values.

Addition of binary numbers

The process of adding two or more binary numbers.

Overflow

An error that occurs when the result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the maximum value that can be represented.

Logic binary shifts

Shifting the bits of a binary number to the left or right, equivalent to multiplication or division by 2.

Two's complement

A method of representing negative integers in binary by inverting the leftmost bit and adding 1.

Negative binary numbers

Binary numbers representing negative integers using two's complement.

Character sets

Sets of characters and their corresponding binary codes used for communication and computer systems.

ASCII code

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a character encoding standard using 7-bit codes.

Unicode

A character encoding standard that can represent all languages and characters used globally.

Sampling

The process of measuring the amplitude of a sound wave to convert it into a digital representation.

Sampling resolution

The number of bits used to represent the amplitude of a sound sample.

Sampling rate

The number of sound samples taken per second, measured in hertz (Hz).

Bitmap images

Images made up of pixels, with each pixel represented by a certain number of bits.

Colour depth

The number of bits used to represent each color in a bitmap image.

Image resolution

The number of pixels that make up an image, determining its clarity and detail.

File size calculation

The process of determining the size of a file, often measured in bytes.

Image resolution

The number of pixels in an image, determining its clarity and detail.

Colour depth

The number of bits used to represent the color of each pixel in an image.

Size of a mono sound file

Calculated by multiplying the sample rate, sample resolution, and length of the sample.

Sample rate

The number of samples taken per second in a sound file.

Sample resolution

The number of bits used to represent each sample in a sound file.

Size of a stereo sound file

The result of the size of a mono sound file multiplied by two.

Lossy file compression

A compression algorithm that removes unnecessary data from a file, making it impossible to fully reconstruct the original file.

Lossless file compression

A compression method that allows for the complete reconstruction of the original uncompressed file.

Run-length encoding (RLE)

A lossless compression technique used for compressing various file formats by encoding consecutive repeated data.