Multi-Subject Review Flashcards (Oral Comm, Earth Science, Philosophy, P.E., Filipino, Literature, English, Biology)

A comprehensive set of 60 question-and-answer flashcards covering major concepts from the provided multi-subject lecture notes. Use them to self-test key definitions, theories, processes, and examples across Communication, Earth Science, Philosophy, Physical Education, Filipino Language, Literature, English Composition, and Biology.

What is the literal Latin meaning of the word “communication”?

To share or to make common.

In the communication process, what are the four key components between sender and receiver?

Encoding, medium (channel) of transmission, decoding, and feedback.

Which communication model is strictly one-way and does not include feedback?

Linear Model of Communication.

In the Interactive Model, what element is added that allows participants to switch roles?

Feedback (creating a two-way exchange based on shared field of experience).

Define ‘noise’ in the context of communication.

Anything that blocks, distorts, or weakens the message during transmission.

Give two examples of formal verbal communication.

Job interviews and research reports (others: meetings, academic papers).

Which type of non-verbal communication studies body language such as gestures and posture?

Kinesics.

What non-verbal code refers to the use of physical distance while communicating?

Proxemics.

Which planetological branch studies earthquakes?

Seismology, a sub-field of Geology.

State the most widely accepted theory for the origin of the Solar System.

The Solar Nebular Hypothesis.

According to the Jeans-Jeffreys’ Tidal Theory, what event formed the planets?

A massive star passed close to the sun, pulling out solar material that later condensed into planets.

Name Earth’s sphere that includes mountains, continents, and ocean floors.

Lithosphere (Geosphere).

Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?

Stratosphere.

On Mohs scale, which mineral has hardness 10?

Diamond.

What igneous rock texture results from lava cooling so quickly that crystals do not form?

Glassy texture (e.g., obsidian).

Differentiate clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks in one phrase.

Clastic rocks come from compacted fragments; chemical rocks precipitate from dissolved minerals.

What two main agents drive metamorphism?

Heat and pressure.

Define mechanical weathering in one sentence.

The physical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.

Which erosion type is caused by wind lifting and moving loose particles?

Aeolian deflation.

In philosophy, what do the Greek words ‘philos’ and ‘sophia’ literally mean?

‘Philos’ = love; ‘sophia’ = wisdom.

Which early philosopher claimed that water is the fundamental substance of everything?

Thales of Miletus.

State Socrates’ famous maxim about the examined life.

"Know yourself, for the unexamined life is not worth living."

What branch of philosophy studies knowledge: its nature and limits?

Epistemology.

Which philosophical approach relies on clear language and logically tests ideas alongside science?

Analytic approach.

According to Plato, which part of the tripartite soul should govern human behavior?

The Rational (mind) part.

What is Aristotle’s term for the soul type unique to humans that includes reasoning?

Rational soul.

Cite one constitutional basis for Physical Education in the Philippines.

1987 Constitution, Article XIV, Section 19 mandates state support for sports and P.E.

List two primary goals of P.E. related to personal development.

Develop physical skills and promote sportsmanship (others: lifelong fitness, confidence, social skills).

Define cardiovascular endurance in simple terms.

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during prolonged activity.

Which health-related fitness component measures the ratio of muscle to fat?

Body composition.

Name three skill-related fitness components.

Agility, balance, coordination (also power, speed, reaction time).

In Filipino linguistics, which theory says language arose from imitating natural sounds?

Teoryang Bow-wow.

What is the lowest, most informal level of language often called Filipino slang?

Balbal.

Define ‘idiolect’.

An individual’s unique style or pattern of language use.

Give an example of a Filipino pidgin sentence purposefully simplified.

“Ikaw aral mabuti para ikaw kuha taas grado.”

What term describes specialized vocabulary within a profession (e.g., medical jargon)?

Register or jargon.

Differentiate prose and poetry in one clause.

Prose uses sentences/paragraphs; poetry uses verse, rhythm, and stanzas.

What is a ‘tanaga’ in pre-colonial Philippine literature?

A four-line poem (quatrain) with 7 syllables per line and a mono-rhyme scheme.

Name the three basic kinds of folktales and give one example category.

Myth, legend, fable—e.g., a fable uses animals to teach a moral.

Which text structure explains why something happened and its results?

Cause and effect.

Define paraphrasing in academic writing.

Rewriting someone else’s ideas in your own words without changing meaning.

What are the three principles of Cell Theory?

1) All living things are made of cells; 2) Cells are the basic unit of life; 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Which organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell and why?

Mitochondrion, because it produces ATP through cellular respiration.

What structure do plant cells possess for rigidity that animal cells lack?

Cell wall composed mainly of cellulose.

State Louis Pasteur’s crucial experiment that disproved spontaneous generation.

Swan-neck flask experiment showing broth remained sterile until exposed to microbe-contaminated air.

Which theory posits that life came to Earth aboard meteor-borne spores?

Cosmozoic Theory (Panspermia).

Arrange the following biological organization levels from smallest to largest: cell, organ, tissue, organism.

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organism.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis.

Name two surface structures that help bacteria attach to surfaces or transfer genes.

Pili and capsule (pili for attachment/gene transfer; capsule for adhesion and protection).

Which communication element confirms if the receiver understood the message?

Feedback.

Identify one example of chronemics in non-verbal communication.

Arriving late or early to convey status or respect.

Provide one benefit of high cardiovascular endurance.

Reduced risk of heart disease (others: improved immunity, mental health, life expectancy).

What is the thesis statement component that expresses the writer’s main opinion?

Controlling idea.

What critical approach in literature focuses on class struggle and social power?

Marxist approach.

Give an example of a health-related fitness test that measures flexibility.

Sit-and-reach test.

Which mineral property is tested by observing the color of its powdered form?

Streak.

Define ‘interactive communication’.

A two-way process where sender and receiver exchange messages with feedback, taking turns.

What kind of metamorphism occurs when rocks are heated by nearby magma?

Contact metamorphism.

Why is summary writing different from critique writing?

A summary only states main ideas; a critique adds personal evaluation and analysis.

Which Filipino theory of language origin ties speech to physical effort sounds (e.g., grunts while lifting)?

Teoryang Yo-he-ho.

Explain the difference between fact and opinion in one sentence.

A fact can be proven true, while an opinion reflects personal belief or feeling.

Which pre-colonial Filipino poetic joust is considered the precursor of the Balagtasan?

Duplo.

What cell structure houses genetic material in prokaryotes?

Nucleoid region (not membrane-bound).