DRRR

crater

basin

bowl shaped hole

created by an explosion

conduit

pipe shaped

brings magma from a reservoir to the vent at the surface

magma go to reservoir to vent to surface

magma chamber

large POOL of liquid rock

benath the surface

reservoir - magma

ash cloud

cloud of TEPHRA and GASES

forms downwind of an erupting volcano

lava flow

MOLTEN ROCK that flows onto the earth’s surface

there is lava flow after an eruption

sill

flat intrusion of IGNEOUS ROCK

forms between preexisting layers of rock

magma moves SIDEWAYS

cone

steep

conical shaped hill

formed by layers of volcanic material

volcano

mountains

can erupt any time

generally CONE SHAPE

magma

inside volcano

lava

outside volcano

active

has tendency to erupt

already erupting

FULL of hot magma

active

Mt. Bulusan, Mt. Mayon

dormant

not erupted in a long time

SLEEPING

nag erupt before, mga 10,000 years ago

POTENTIAL to erupt in the future

slowly filling up the magma chamber

dormant

Mt. Makiling

extinct

geologists say it will NOT ERUPT again based on the volcano’s erupting history

lack of magma source

erupted 100,000 years ago

inactive magma chamber

extinct

Mt. Thielsen in Oregon USA

cinder

resulted from an eruption from a single vent

volcano is bowl shaped bc of a single vent

forms the summit

fluid lava

quickly cools and hardens, builds a small and steep hill

lava flow is short and not very far bc it QUICKLY COOL

summit

peak or highest point of a mountain

cinder

Mt. Smith, Babuyan Island

shield

low and dome shape

the name comes from a ___ of medieval knights

slowly shaped by LAVA FLOWS

shield

Mt. Biliran, Leyte

stratovolcano or composite

most common type of a volcano

formed by alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material from MULTIPLE ERUPTIONS

tall mountains

DEEP STEEP sides

LAVA is VISCOUS (thick) but can also be fluid

eruption is VIOLENT

QUIET lava flows bc of viscosity

layers of ash, lava, and rock compiled

lava dome (caldera)

big hole forms when a volcano erupts so strong

the ground above collapses bc the magma underneath has blown up

when a volcano erupts, big hole will happen bc of the lakas ng eruption

nasisira ung nasa taas bc ung magma sa baba nag blow upl

lava dome

Taal VOlcano

side vents

small cracks on the sides

explosive

violent

lots of ash, gas and volcanic bombs

LARGE fragments

occurs when magma is THICK

gas is trapped and builds up then boom

quiet/non explosive

emits lots of lava from a fissure or crack on the surface

lava is from magma w low silica that has low viscosity

ground sinking

subsidence/sinking, tilting, bulging

lumulubog

seismic activity

when magma rises, it breaks rocks along the way

gases

monitor types and rate of emission of diff gases

sensory observations

using the 5 senses of our body

white steam

just water vapor

gray steam

steam contains volcanic ash

crater glow

due to the presence of magma or near the crater

ground swells/ground tilt

due to the magma intrusion

localized landslides

rocks can fall and this can happen from the summit even if there is no heavy raini

increased temp of water

there is a presence of certain compounds such as magmatic carbon dioxide or high helium isotopes

ballistic projectile

rocks that an eruption sends into the air and then fall back to the ground

ash fall or TEPHRA fall

hard, extremely abrasive, mildly corrosive, conducts electricity when wet

ash fall

tiny particles

tephra fall

fragments of ROCKS

pyroclastic flows

high density, mixtures of hot, dry rocks fragments and hot gases that move away from the vent at high speed

can create fire

lava flow

stream of molten rock that flows out of a volcano

volcanic gases

from vents and fumaroles on active and dormant volcanoes

debris avalanche

massive collapse of volcano, triggered by an earthquake or eruption

lahar

mudflow, composed of rocky debris, water, and pyroclastic material

flows down from a volcano, often along a river valley