IFS Unit 1 Muscles (Face, Neck, Spine)

Temporalis

O: temporal fossa

I: coronoid process of mandible

A: elevation / retrusion, ipsilateral deviation

I: Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) (mandibular branch)

Masseter

O: zygomatic process (temporal bone)

I: mandibular ramus

A: elevation / protrusion

I: Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) (mandibular branch)

Medial Pterygoid

O: tuberosity of maxilla bone

I: medial mandibular angle

A: elevation / protrusion, contralateral deviation

I: Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) (mandibular branch)

Lateral Pterygoid

O: sphenoid bone

I: mandibular neck (disc of TMJ)

A: depression / protrusion, contralateral deviation

I: Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) (mandibular branch)

Mylohyoid

O: middle of mandible

I: body of hyoid

A: elevates hyoid and floor of mouth during speech

I: mandibular branch of trigeminal

Geniohyoid

O: inferior mentis

I: body of hyoid

A: elevates hyoid, widens pharynx

I: hypoglossal nerve

Stylohyoid

O: styloid process

I: body of hyoid

A: elevates and retracts hyoid

I: facial nerve

Digastric

O: digastric fossa (mandible) / mastoid notch (temp)

I: tendon of hyoid horn

A: depress mandible, elevate hyoid

I: facial nerve and trigeminal (think di = two heads)

Sternohyoid

O: manubrium of sternum

I: body of hyoid

A: depress hyoid following swallowing

I: C1-3 (ansa cervicalis)

Omohyoid

O: superior border of scapula

I: inferior border of hyoid bone

A: depress hyoid

I: C1-3 (ventral rami) (ansa cervicalis)

Sternothyroid

O: posterior manubrium

I: thyroid cartilage

A: depress hyoid and larynx

I: C2-3 (ansa cervicalis)

Thyrohyoid

O: thyroid cartilage

I: inferior border of hyoid + horn of hyoid

A: depress hyoid + elevate pharynx

I: C1

Pharyngeal Constrictors

superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A: constricts pharynx during swallowing

I: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X)

Internal Pharyngeal Muscles

palatopharyngeus + salpingopharyngeus (CN X)

stylopharyngeus (CN IX)

A: elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing / speaking

Sternocleidomastoid

O: manubrium / medial clavicle

I: mastoid process (temporal)

A: flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation of the neck

I: CN XI

Upper Trapezius

O: superior nuchal line (occipital)

I: lateral clavicle

A: extension / lateral flexion of the neck

I: CN XI

Scalene Muscles

O: 1st rib (A), superior 1st rib (M), 2nd rib (P)

I: transverse process (C3-6)(A), post transverse process tubercles (C5-7)(MP)

A: head flexion (A), ipsilateral flexion + elevation of 1st(M) and 2nd(P) rib during breathing

I: anterior rami (AMP) (C7/8 for P)

Longus Capitis

O: ant transverse process tubercles (C3-6)

I: basilar occipital bone (still anterior)

A: head flexion

I: anterior rami (C1-3)

Longus Colli

O: transverse process (C3-5) and vertebral bodies

(C5-T3)

I: vertebral bodies (C1-3) and transverse process (C3-6)

A: neck flexion and contralateral rotation (unilateral)

I: anterior rami (C2-6)

Splenius Capitis

O: inferior nuchal ligament and spinous process (T1-6)

I: lateral mastoid process and superior nuchal line

A: neck extension and unilateral ipsilateral flexion and rotation

I: posterior rami of middle C spine

Semispinalis Capitis

O: transverse process of T1-6 and articular process of lower C spine

I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines

A: neck extension and unilateral contralateral rotation

I: dorsal rami of C2-3

Levator Scapulae

O: superior medial border of scapula

I: post transverse process tubercles of C2-6

A: downward rotation of scapula

I: dorsal scapular nerve via ventral ramus (C4-5)

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

O: spinous process of C2

I: lateral inferior nuchal line

A: neck extension and ipsilateral flexion / rotation

I: suboccipital nerve via posterior ramus (C1)

-superomedial border of triangle

Obliquus Capitis Superior

O: transverse process of C1

I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines

A: neck extension and ipsilateral lateral flexion

I: suboccipital nerve via posterior ramus (C1)

-superolateral border of triangle

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

O: posterior tubercle of C2

I: transverse process of C1

A: ipsilateral rotation and neck extension

I: suboccipital nerve via posterior ramus (C1)

-inferolateral border of triangle

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

O: posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)

I: medial inferior nuchal line (occipital)

A: neck extension and ipsilateral lateral flexion

I: suboccipital nerve via posterior ramus (C1)

Middle Trapezius

O: spinous process (C7-T3)

I: medial border of scapula and acromion process

A: scapular retraction

I: ventral rami (C3-4)

Latissimus Dorsi

O: spinous process (T7-L5)

I: intertubercular groove of humerus

A: adduction of arm, elevation of ribs

I: thoracodorsal nerve via ventral ramus (C6-8)

Rhomboid Major

O: spinous process (T2-5)

I: inferomedial border of the scapula

A: scapular retraction, downward rotation

I: dorsal scapular nerve via ventral ramus (C4-5)

Rhomboid Minor

O: nuchal ligament and spinous process (C7-T1)

I: superomedial border of the scapula

A: scapular retraction, downward rotation

I: dorsal scapular nerve via ventral ramus (C4-5)

Serratus Posterior Superior

O: spinous process (C7-T3)

I: superior border of ribs 2-5

A: elevation of upper ribs

I: anterior rami from 2-5 ribs

Serratus Posterior Inferior

O: spinous process (T11-L2)

I: inferior borders of ribs 9-12

A: depresses lower ribs

I: anterior rami (T9-12)

Splenius Cervicis

O: spinous process (T3-6)

I: transverse process (C1-3)

A: neck extension and ipsilateral flexion / rotation

I: posterior rami of lower cervical spine

Spinalis

runs along the spinous processes of the spine

A: extends the spinal column and ipsilaterally flexes

I: dorsal rami

Longissimus

runs along the transverse processes of the spine

A: extends the spinal column and ipsilaterally flexes and rotates

I: dorsal rami

Illiocostalis

O: lateral sacrum and medial iliac crest

I: angles of ribs (5-12) and transverse process (L1-4)

A: extension of the spine

I: dorsal rami of lumbar spine

Multifidus

O: mammillary process (L), transverse process (T), articular process (C)

I: spinous process 2-4 above origin

A: extension of the spine, ipsilateral lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

I: dorsal rami of specific spinal regions

Rotatores

O: transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

I: spinous process 1-2 above origin

A: extension of the spine and contralateral rotation

I: posterior rami of thoracic spine

Levator Costorum

O: transverse process (C7-T11)

I: superior border of ribs 5-12

A: elevates the ribs

I: posterior rami of thoracic spine (weird innervation)

Quadratus Lumborum

O: iliac crest

I: 12th rib and transverse process (L1-4)

A: lateral flexion, helps with breathing

I: ventral rami (T12-L4)