ENERGY GENERATION IN PLANTS & ANIMALS

• sunlight

• water

• carbon dioxide

essential sources for aquisition of water and minerals

• nitrogen - for proteins

• potassium - enzyme activity and water balance

• magnesium - key part of chloraphyll

essential minerals in aquisition of water and minerals

fungi mycorrhizas

additional roots that take in nutrients

symbiotic relationship

plant relationship with fungi mycorrhizas

1. Water enters through root hairs

2. Water moves upward through xylem vessels

3. The movement is driven by transpiration where water evaporates from the leaves

4. This creates a pulling force that lifts water from roots to leaves

water movement in plants

• photosynthesis

• transporting minerals

• cooling the plant

• maintaining cell firmness

water is needed in plants for

xylem

transports water and minerals

phloem

transports food and nutrients

water only

what is present in the cell wall

stomata

mouth of plants

• has 2 guard cells

• open and close to let in carbon dioxide

stomata

autotrophs / photoautotrophs

organisms that can produce their own food

on chlroplasts in the thylakoid

where photosynthesis happens

chloraphyll A and chloraphyll B

contained inside the thylakoid

stroma

aqueous fluid where dna and rna of plants is located

granum

stack of thylakoids where excess energy is stored and excess oxygen and glucose turns into carbohydrates

starch

this is what granum turns carbohydrates into due to not being able to digest it

heterotrophs

cannot create their own food by themselves

glycolysis cycle

breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid

krebs cycle

sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during

1. glycolysis

2. krebs cycle

3. oxidative phosphorylation

stages of aerobic respiration