Animal Diversity II

basal metazoan

phylum porifera

Least complex animals are in phylum…

porifera

characters of phylum porifera

• multicellular and have ECM

• asymmetry

• no specialized tissues

morphology of phylum porifera

sac-like with tiny holes

osculum

where water exits the sponge

spongocoel

passage for water that filters water and gets the nutrients

choanocytes

flagellated;

where ingestion of food takes place;

similar to choanoflagellates

basal eumetazoan

phylum cnidaria

phylum cnidaria characters

• radial symmetry

• specialized tissues

• diploblastic

• cnidocytes (SDC)

phylum cnidaria SDC

cnidocytes

cnidocytes

specialized cells in tentacles that are used for defense and prey capture

Phylum cnidaria is mostly…

marine

ex: jellies, coral, sea anemone

Most organisms in bilateria are (vertebrate/invertebrate).

invertebrate

95% of known animal species are in which clade?

bilateria

basal bilateria

acoela

nephrozoa SDC

coelom

Differences in developmental modes separate Nephrozoa into…

protostomes and deuterostomes

SDCs for bilateria

bilateral symmetry and triploblasty

spiralia clade shared derived character

genetic similarities

phylum platyhelminthes

• acoelomate

• flatworms

• habitats

  • free-living (ex: planaria)

  • parasitic (ex: tapeworm)

phylum rotifera

• pseudocoelomate

• corona

• very small (50 um - 2 mm)

• freshwater/marine, damp soil

corona

crown of cilia at anterior end

phylum mollusca

• coelomate

• radula

3 main body parts of the phylum mollusca

1. visceral mass

2. mantle

3. foot

visceral mass of the phylum mollusca

main body that contains viscera (with all of the organs)

mantle of the phylum mollusca

covers visceral mass;

some species have glands that secrete calcium carbonate shell

foot of the phylum mollusca

muscular, used for locomotion

radula of the phylum mollusca

belt of teeth in mouth area that scrapes up food;

absent from bivalves

3 major mollusc clades

1. gastropods

2. bivalves

3. cephalopods

gastropods

marine, freshwater, terrestrial;

snails, slugs

bivalves

hinged, 2-part shell;

no radula (suspension feeders);

clams, mussels, oysters, scallops

cephalopods

marine;

tentacles;

predators;

mouth has radula and 2 beaks;

squid, octopus

major character of phylum annelida

segmentation

Where are phylum annelida found?

marine, freshwater, and soil;

ex: earthworms

ecdysozoa shared derived character

ecdysis (molting); shed external covering during growth

phylum nematoda

• pseudocoelomates

• cuticle

• roundworms

• habitats

  • free-living → soil/aquatic (C. elegans)

  • parasitic → host (dog heartworm)

phylum anthropoda

coelomate

What is the largest phylum by # of species?

phylum arthopoda

phylum arthropoda body plan

• segmented body

• hard exoskeleton

• jointed appendages

arthropoda hard exoskeleton

• chitin & protein

• covers entire body

arthropoda hard exoskeleton functions

• protection

• minimizes water loss

• muscle attachment

phylum arthropoda shared derived characters

• hard exoskeleton

• jointed appendages