Geologic timescale and taxonomy

Geologic timescale

a timeline that divides Earth's history into units based on significant events

Radioactive dating

Scientist used _______ to determine the absolute divisions in the timescale

Epoch

Geologic time that last for less than ten million yars.

Periods

Geologic time that last for hundreds of millions of years.

Eras

Geologic time that last for hundrds of millions of years.

Eons

Geologic time that last for billions of years.

Precambrian life

-composed of hadean, archean and proterozoic eras

-started more than 550 million years ago

-Covers approximately 88% of the Earth’s history

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur

The non-breathable gas 4.5 billion years ago were composed of?

Paleozoic era

-known as “"Old Life”, started more than 540 million of years ago.

Coronacollina acula

These sponge-like fossils named______ was recently discovered in South Austrilia that date back as far as 560 million years

Rodinia

The latter part of precarmbrian life, the proterozoic was greatly affected by the movement of the tectonic plates forming the supercontinent _____.

Cambrian period

In this period ushered the most massive occurence of evolution and divergence of the species.

Cambrian explosion

Origins of animal phyla where they dominate and evolve the most is called the?

Ordovician period

-first plant to colonize (bryophytes) are thought to have appearead about 500 millions years agp during the______.

Siliruian period

-In this period, vascular plants spread through the continents.

Devonian period

-bony fishes diversify, insects and first amphibians appear.

Mesozoic Era

-known as “middle life”

-known as age of dinosaurs

-around 245 million years ago lasted for 180 million years.

Gondwanna and Laurasia

During the mesozoic era, pangaea is split into ____ and ______ caused by gradual rifting.

Triassic period

-rise of reptiles and the first dinosaurs

Jurassic period

-marked the presence of dinosaurs and first birds appear and gymnosperms dominate.

Cretaceous period

-knwon for its iconic dinosaurs such as triceratios and pterosaurs such as pteranodon.

Carboniferous period

-tetrapods began laying eggs on land for the first time during this period allowing them to break away from an amphibians life.

Permian period

-largest mass extinction ever.

Cenozoic era

-recent life

-65 million years ago continues to present.

-age of mamals

Paleogene period

-time for mamals that survived from the cretaceous period

-rodents and small horses such as hyracotherium are common in this period

Neogene period

-gives rise to early primates including early humans.

Hadean eon

-occured 4.6 billion to 4 billion years ago

-solar system was forming within a cloud of dust

Archean eon

-microfossils of this indicate that life began in the ocean.

Proterozoic era

-age of hidden life

-2.5 billion years

-first oxygen dependent animals

Phanerozoic eon

The time in wihch abundant animal and plant life has existed.covers 541 million years to the present.

Taxonomy

The discipline of classifying

organisms and assigning each organism a

universally accepted (scientific name)

Binomial Nomenclature

Scientist developed a system to name all organism in latin called ___________.

• Domain

• Kingdon

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• family

• genus

• species

Modern Classification

Carolus linneaus

Who devised a system for classification

Phylum Porifera

• Eaten by starfish and

some fish

• Most primitive animal

• pores

• sponges

Phylum Cnidaria

(jellyfish, sea anemones, coral)

radial symmetry

all having stinging cells

Coelenteron

Cnidaria have digestive cavity called a _____ .

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• (planarians, tapeworms, flukes)

• Bilateral symmetry

• • Incomplete digestive

  system (one opening)

• no body cavity

Cephalization

head and brain

Phylum Nematoda

• (roundworms)

• nematodes

• complete digestive system

• Decomposers, predators

  (bacteria, inverts)

  • Eaten by insects, mice

Phylum Annelida

• (segmented worms)

• • i.e. earthworms, leeches

• Sensitive to vibrations on

  ground-rain

Phylum Mollusca

• • i.e. snails, slugs,

  clams, mussels,

  scallops, oysters,

  octopus and squid

Variety in form

• Giant squid = sea

serpent

• Introduction of garden

snails

Phylum Arthropoda

• (jointed legged animals)

• i.e. insects, spiders and

  scorpions, shellfish

  (crustaceans), centipedes

• Exoskeleton

  • Metamorphosis

  • Pheromones

  • Molting

Phylum Echinodermata

• (spiny-skinned)

• sea urchins

• system

  • Tube feet

  • Important predators

Phylum Chordata

i.e. fish, sharks,

amphibians, reptiles,

birds, mammals

• Notochord, nerve

cord, gill slits, tail

Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Prokaryote

• Unicellular\

• Autotroph or

  heterotroph

  •Examples: Methanogens,

• Have unusual cell

  wall components

Kingdom Eubacteria

• No nucleus,

  normal sugars in walls

• Prokaryote

• E. coli, Streptococcus

Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryote

• Some have cell walls

  of cellulose, some have

  chloroplasts

• Amoeba, Paramecium,

  giant kelp, diatoms

Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryote

• Cell Wall of

  Chitin

• Multicellular,

  some unicellular

• Heterotroph

• Mushrooms, yeasts

Kingdom Plantae

Mosses, ferns,

trees and flowering

plants

Kingdom Animalia

Examples: Sponges,

worms, insects, fish,

mammals