ch16 alcohol reactions

alcohol → CO2 + H2O (3)

complete combustion, O2, heat

alcohol → sodium alkoxide + H2 (2)

acid-base, sodium metal

alcohol → ester (3)

esterification/condensation, carboxylic acid, concentrated H2SO4 catalyst

1^o alcohol → aldehyde (4)

oxidation, acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, distillation

1^o alcohol → carboxylic acid (4)

oxidation, acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, reflux

2^o alcohol → ketone (3)

oxidation, acidified K2Cr2O7/KMnO4, heat

alcohol → alkene (3)

elimination, Al2O3, heat

alcohol → halogenoalkane (both) (3)

substitution, PCl5 room temp, PCl3 heat

alcohol → halogenoalkane + HCl + SO2 (2)

substitution, SOCl2

alcohol → halogenoalkane (2) (ac)

substitution, KX with H2SO4/H3PO4

carboxylic acid → 1^o alcohol (3)

reduction, H2/Ni with heat, LiAlH4/NaBH4

aldehyde → 1^o alcohol (2)

reduction, LiAlH4/NaBH4

ketone -→ 2^o alcohol (2)

reduction, LiAlH4/NaBH4

halogenoalkane → alcohol (3)

nucleophilic substitution, NaOH, heat

alkene → alcohol (3)

electrophilic addition, H2O, concentrated H3PO4 catalyst

alkene → diol (2)

oxidation, cold dilute acidified KMnO4

ester → alcohol + COOH (3) (ac)

hydrolysis, dilute acid, heat

ester → alcohol + metal salt (3) (alk)

hydrolysis, dilute alkali, heat