NUR OB Exam 1

What is the process of conception?

fertilization, zygote, replication/morula, travel to uterus, blastocyst, implantation

What does the ectoderm form in babies?

CNS, special senses, skin, glands

What does mesoderm form in babies?

skeletal, urinary, reproductive organs

What happens when there is too much amniotic fluid?

GI malformations, cord entanglement, labor complications

What happens when there is too little amniotic fluid?

renal abnormalities, asymmetrical growth, cord compression

What is surfactant?

helps the fetal lung maturity

What are chromosomal abnormalities in infants?

monosomes, trisomy’s, Translocation

What are translocation genetic abnormalities?

Cri du chat

What are trisomy’s abnormalities?

13, 18, 21

What are monosomy abnormalities?

Kleinfelder’s for Turner syndrome

What is autosomal dominant?

50% of new chromosomes will be affected (huntingtons and marfan)

What is autosomal recessive?

25% chance since one partner is affected (cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia)

What is X-linked recessive?

Only male children are affected greatly, and the mother is a carrier, but needs two of the gene to present symptoms (hemophilia)

What is multifactorial inheritance?

caused by polygenic and environmental factors (cleft lip, spina bifida, clubfoot, cardia defect, pyloric stenosis)

What are risk factors pts may have that would suggest for us to refer them for genetic testing?

maternal age >35, paternal age >40, incest, >2 miscarriages, teratogen exposure, previous child with congenital abnormalities/developmental/intellectual delays, family hx of genetic conditions,

What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?

Fatigue in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy is normal, breast changes, GI symptoms, urinary frequency, amenorrhea=irregular/spotting periods

What are probable symptoms of pregnancy?

Positive test, cervix/uterine changes, hyperpigmentation, ballottement=feels fetus moving in amniotic sack at 8-10 weeks back and forth when pushed hard, Braxton hicks’ contractions

What are positive signs of pregnancy?

auscultation of fetal heart tones, ultrasound visualization of fetus, fetal movement felt by HCP after 20 weeks

How does the GI tract change when pregnant?

cravings, nausea caused by HcG, PICA

How does cardiovascular change in pregnancy?

24-28 week is increased HR, blood volume, increased RBCs, high clotting factors

How does respiratory change during pregnancy?

feels its hard to breathe, hypotension bc uterus is sitting on the inferior vena cava

What are the placental hormones?

human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, relaxin, human placental lactogen

What are the most deficient nutrients in pregnancy?

iron, protein, calories in 2/3rd trimester, folic acid, and an increase in constipation

What should you limit during pregnancy?

sugar, caffeine, fish, NO alcohol, avoid soft cheese/raw milk, or store salads