Motor Control - Postural Control: Motor Systems

what is steady state balance?

Ability to control COM relative to BOS in predictable/ non-changing conditions

muscle tone keeps the body from what? in reposes to the pull of gravity

collapsing

when are movement strategies used?

when the BOS is reaching the LOS

What two factors of the COM need to be considered with steady state balance?

position and velocity

what factors (of the individual) affect steady state balance

perceptual and cognitive factors (fear of falling and perception of safety)

When observing a patient's steady state balance, what are you observing?

observing alignment of body segments, observing stability, observing how much the COM moves relative to the BOS

what are the fixed support balance strategies?

ankle and hip strategies

What are the change in support balance strategies?

stepping strategy and reach to grasp strategy

what is a synergy?

functional coupling of groups of muscles constrained to act together as a unit

what type of muscle synergies does reactive balance have?

refining and running muscle synergies; these are refined at tunes in response to changing demands in task and environment

muscle response to loss of balance is faster in what position (sitting or standing)?

sitting

how is recovery of stability in sitting compared to stance?

they are very similar

what determines which muscles activate when recovering stability in seated position?

the direction of instability

what is reactive balance?

response to unexpected perturbation to stability

when training reactive balance, what should you not limit?

training to activation of a single strategy

what muscles activate when rising up on to toes?

anterior tibialis

what does the CNS use to control proactive balance?

anticipatory processes

do postural muscles or prime movers activate first when trying to stabilize?

postural muscles

anticipatory postural response are based on what?

prior experience and modified by expectation and practice

what type of balance is critical for LE activities?

proactive balance

3 multiple choice options

anticipatory postural muscle activity decreases with what?

when BOS increases

3 multiple choice options

Anticipatory postural muscle activity increases as what happens?

the task load increases

3 multiple choice options

when you ask a patient to Stand on one leg or lift a heavy box, what type of balance are you assessing?

proactive balance

2 multiple choice options

what part of the brain is able to quickly change muscle patterns in response to changing task and environmental conditions?

basal ganglia

3 multiple choice options

what part of the brain has the ability to modify postural muscles in response to changing tasks and environmental conditions?

cerebellum

3 multiple choice options

what part of the brain controls level of postural tone in combination with the cerebellum?

brainstem

3 multiple choice options

what are the spinal contributions to postural orientation and stability?

activation of the extensors and directionally specific responses to perturbations

what are the brain stem contributions to postural orientation and stability?

- regulates postural tone and postural synergies

- processes vestibular inputs for postural control

- regulates anticipatory control

what are the cerebellar contributions to postural orientation and stability?

controls adaptation of postural responses

what are the basal ganglia contributions to postural orientation and stability?

quickly change reactive balance muscle patterns in response to changing task and environmental conditions