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Protein Method (Second Messenger):
Binds to the outside (membrane) ➔ Activates an enzyme ➔ Causes a breakdown/change (Example: Glycogen into glucose).
Steroid Method (Direct Activation):
Binds to the inside (nucleus) ➔ Activates genes/DNA ➔ Creates a brand new protein.
Humoral
Triggered by blood levels of nutrients or ions (like glucose or calcium).
Neural
Triggered by direct nerve fibers (like nerves telling the adrenals to dump adrenaline).
Hormonal
Triggered by another hormone (like TSH telling the thyroid to release thyroid hormone).
Nervous System
Sends electrical signals down axons to hit muscles. It is lightning fast but short-lasting.
Endocrine System
Sends chemical signals through the blood to hit metabolism. It is slower but lasts a long time.