Dental Anatomy Final Review

What are the functions of the teeth?

1.Protect the oral cavity

2. Chew

3. aid digestion

4. speech

5. appearance

What is the clinical crown?

What you can see in the mouth

What is the anatomical crown?

whole area that is covered by enamel

What's primary dentin?

Present when the tooth erupts

What's secondary dentin?

after tooth erupts new dentin is formed throughout the pulp chamber

What's reparative dentin?

forms due to trauma or caries.

What's cementum?

bonelike substance that covers the root

What are the two types of cementum and what are they like?

1. Cellular CAN reproduce. confined to apical third of root.

2. Acellular CAN NOT reproduce. covers entire anatomical root.

What do the walls of the pulp cavity contain?

Odontoblasts

What is the pulp composed of? (five things)

1. blood vessels

2. lymph vessels

3. nerve tissue

4. connective tissue

5. odontoblasts

What are the tissues of the teeth?

enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

What percent of the enamel is organic and inorganic?

96% inorganic and 4% organic

What percent of the dentin is organic and inorganic?

70% inorganic and 30% organic

What percent of the cementum is organic and inorganic?

45-50% inorganic and 50-55% organic

Parts of the pulp?

Pulp chamber

Pulp canals

Pulp horns

What is the CEJ junction?

Cementoenamel junction

What is the DEJ?

dentinoenamel junction

Whats the CDJ?

cementodental junction

What's the cervical line?

a line that formed by the cementum and enamel meeting

Purpose of incisors?

to cut and lingual surface aids in guiding food

Purpose of the canines?

designed to hold and project jaw from side to side motions

Purpose of premolars?

holds and grinds food

Purpose of molars?

chews food

What teeth are missing in primary dentition?

premolars

What are the lobes of the teeth?

the growth centers. They eventually fuse together.

How many lobes form teeth?

4+

What's a developmental groove?

fine depressed lines in the enamel of a tooth that shows the union of the lobes

What's a supplemental groove?

branches off of a developmental groove

What's a tubercle?

small elevation of enamel

What's a fossa?

depression/ concavity

ALL lingual surfaces of anteriors and ALL occlusal on posteriors

What's a triangular fossa?

Adjacent to marginal ridges on posteriors

What's a lingual ridge?

Enamel that extends from the cingulum to the cusp on lingual of most cuspids

What's a marginal ridge?

rounded borders of enamel that form mesial distal shoulders. lingual on anteriors

What's a triangular ridge?

main ridges on each cusp that run from tip of the cusp to the central part of occlusal

What's a transverse ridge?

union of 2 triangular ridges, a buccal/lingual that crosses the occlusal of posterior teeth

What's an oblique ridge?

Only on maxillary molars; ML cusp to DB cusps

Specific functions of curvatures?

1. prevent disease

2. prevent damage

3. prevent bacterial invasion

4.prevent calc build up

5. disperse excessive trauma and bitting force

6. protect gums and periodontium

7. aligns and stabilizes

Specific curvatures

1. Proximal Contact Areas

2. Interproximal Spaces

3. Embrasures - Spillways

4. Facial and Lingual Contours of the Tooth

5. Curve of Path of CEJ Around Each Tooth

6. Self Cleansing Qualities of the Teeth

Purpose of proximal contact areas?

stops food from packing between teeth

protects underlying tissue

offers support. + anchorage to one another

What's the widest portion and greatest curvature called?

height of crest/curvature

What are the 4 general rules of contact areas?

1. post. contacts are somewhat more towards the buccal

2. anterior contacts are centered

3. size of contact increases front to back

4. distal contact is cervically located than the mesial

What's a contact point?

where upper and lower teeth touch

What's an interproximal space?

triangular shaped spaces between teeth normally filled with gum. (where you put a wedge)

What's the purpose of the interproximal space?

keeps food from collecting

provides a bulk of bone for better anchoraging and support

richer blood supply

What is it called when the interproximal space has lost its inter dental papilla?

cervical embrassure

Boundaries of the interprox. space?

apex is formed by contact area

base of triangle is alveolar bone

sides are the teeth

What's an embrassure?

spaces between the teeth that are occlusal to the contact area

What's the functions of embrasures?

1. passage of food

2. reduce trauma

3. round and smooth

4. stimulation to gums

What embrasure is the largest?

Lingual

Purpose of the buccal/lingual contours?

deflection of food

allows tongue to rest against teeth

maximum cleaning of lips and cheeks

Where is the height of the contour on the buccal of ALL teeth?

cervical third

Where is the height of the contour on the Lingual of anteriors?

cervical third

Where is the height of the contour on the lingual of posteriors?

middle third

what happens to undercontoured areas?

traumatized tissue from food

what happens to overcontoured areas?

caused by restos

no gum stimulation - breakdown

Where does the height of healthy gingiva sit compared to CEJ?

1mm

What is the CEJ level related to?

contact areas and width of crown

CEJ curvature on anterior teeth is?

higher as is the bone level. anteriors need more support

CEJ curvature on posterior teeth is?

less as contacts are in middle third and these teeth are naturally more stable

4 rules of the CEJ curvature?

1. cervical line is curved convex towards apical on b/l surfaces

2. curved convex towards O/I on proximal surfaces

3. depth of the curve is greatest on the mesial and less on the distal by approx 1mm

4. depth on all surfaces is greatest on the central incisors and decrease as you go posteriorly

Why do teeth have self cleansing qualities?

1. crowns of teeth covered by enamel

2. shape of crown

Rules of self cleaning qualities of teeth?

1. proper contour

2. smooth enamel

3. next to proximal is hardest to clean. then occlusals

How many deciduous(primary) teeth are there?

20

What four things in what order do you use to name and code teeth?

1. dentition

2. arch

3. quad

4. tooth

What's the universal numbering system?

used 1-36 starts with upper right third molar

What is international numbering system?

- uses two digits to identify each tooth

- first digit identifies which quadrant

- second digit identifies the specific tooth

- Quadrants 1-4

- Teeth 1-8

Whats palmers numbering system?

one that uses brackets

What anchors the tooth to the bone and covers the root?

Cementum

What does the odontoblasts do?

Build dentin

What gives the enamel its hardness?

Hydroxyapatite

What's the main developmental junction of the tooth?

developmental grooves

What's the difference between the alveolus and alveolar process?

Alveolar process is the portion of bone that supports the teeth. Alveolus is bony socket with process

How many cusps do premolars have?

2-3 cusps

What's a line angle?

forms the junction to seperate two surfaces. ie: mesiobuccal

What's a point angle?

Where 3 teeth surfaces meet. ie: mesiobuccalincisal

What normally fills the interproximal spaces between teeth? If this is missing, what is the void called?

The interproximal spaces between teeth are normally filled with gingival tissue called papillary gingiva. When the interproximal gingival is missing, the void is called the cervical or gingival embrasure

Name the embrasures and explain their function.

Allow food to be shunted away from contact areas; reduce the trauma of occlusal forces on teeth; provide a round, smooth surface for self-cleaning; and allow food to slightly provide frictional massage to the gingival tissues.

Embrasure spaces are named based on their location: facial (buccal or labial), lingual, incisal or occlusal, and gingival.

Which embrasure is not always present and why?

The gingival embrasure, also called the cervical embrasure, is not usually present; it is only present if the interproximal space is not occupied by bone and gingiva.

Which teeth have the greater curvature of the cementoenamel junction, anterior or posterior? Mesial or distal?

The crowns of anterior The mesial curvature on anterior teeth is greater On posterior teeth, the mesial curvature is about 1 mm; the distal curvature is nearly nonexistent.

4. What terms are synonymous with the cementoenamel junction?

Cervical line

7. What happens if two adjacent teeth have open contact areas?

If two adjacent teeth have open contact areas, food debris in able to impact in the area. This will cause bacteria to accumulate and can lead to inflammation and breakdown of periodontal structures.

What's a fissure?

developmental line fault due to imperfect fusion

8. What is the difference between a contact area and a contact point?

A contact point: bite

A contact area: where you floss

What is the normal amount of crest of curvature on the buccal/lingual of max post teeth?

The crest of curvature averages 0.5 mm on the facial surfaces and on the lingual surfaces of maxillary posterior teeth. \Slightly less on lingual

where is the crest of curvature on the lingual side of post teeth locates?

the middle third of the crown.

what's the fourth lobe on an anterior tooth?

cingulum

Are any primary teeth succedaneous? If not, why not?

Succedaneous teeth are permanent teeth that replace primary teeth. Primary teeth do not replace any teeth.

Name all the nonsuccedaneous permanent teeth.

All maxillary and mandibular permanent molars do not replace any teeth in the primary dentition

What's an oblique ridge?

Only on max molars. Ml cusp to db cusp

What's another name for the contact area?

The height of contour/widest part of tooth

Do embrasures get smaller back to front or front to back?

Front to back. Anterior are smaller

What's the triangle paced in between teeth called when there is interdental papilla?

Interproximal space

What's the triangle paced in between teeth called when there is NO interdental papilla?

Cervical embrasure

What way is the cervical line curved towards the apex on facial and lingual surfaces?

Convex

What way is the cervical line curved towards the incisial/occlusal on the medial and distal?

Convex

How are baby teeth labelled in universal?

A-T

What is the vestibule?

Space between the teeth, lips, and cheeks

What is the oral cavity proper?

the area surrounded by the teeth or alveolar ridges back to the area of the tonsils

What's the vermillion zone?

transitional zone of lips and skin

What's the philtrum?

indentation at the midline of upper lip