Quiz 3 Study Guide Psychology

Epigenetics

The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence, influenced by environmental factors.

Nature vs. Nurture

Epigenetics illustrates the interaction between genetics (nature) and environmental influences (nurture) in shaping individual traits.

Genetic Predisposition

An increased likelihood of developing a condition based on genetics, modulated by environmental factors.

Twin Studies

Research involving identical twins that helps distinguish between genetic and environmental influences on behavior and traits.

Brain Plasticity

The brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience, learning, or injury.

Prefrontal Cortex

The front part of the frontal lobe involved in decision-making, impulse control, planning, reasoning, and social behavior.

Phineas Gage

A railroad worker who suffered a severe brain injury, leading to significant personality changes that highlighted the role of the prefrontal cortex in impulse control.

Corpus Callosum

A bundle of nerve fibers that connects the brain’s two hemispheres, facilitating communication between them.

Split Brain Procedure

Surgical severing of the corpus callosum, used to treat severe epilepsy, affecting communication between the hemispheres.

Hemispherectomy

Surgical removal of one hemisphere of the brain, often performed on children due to greater brain plasticity.

Major Brain Regions - Hindbrain

Controls basic vital functions.

Major Brain Regions - Midbrain

Processes sensory information and controls reflexes.

Major Brain Regions - Forebrain

Involved in mental processes, including the cortex and subcortex.