AP US History Unit 4

Second Great Awakening

Religious movement that began in the early decades of the 19th century. Reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. In the northern states it touched off social reform.

market revolution

Starting in the early 19th century, produced vast economic growth, mass produced goods.

Era of Good Feelings

Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). Political infighting ends and Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics.

Jacksonian Democracy

The time period 1829 to 1837, also known as the Age of the Common Man.

Indian Removal Act

President Andrew Jackson supported this. By 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today's Oklahoma.

Romanticism in art and literature

Evoked the wonder of the nation's landscape. The Hudson River School of painters were the most prominent.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention.

cotton gin

This machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from plant fibers. It expanded the institution of slavery

Lucretia Mott

Early feminist who advocated for women's rights and against slavery.

Sectionalism: The North

Largely urban population that worked in factories.

Sectionalism: The South

Largely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850.

Sectionalism: The West

Largely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others.

Whigs

Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank and Internal Improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew Jackson.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812, establish status quo antebellum.

Monroe Doctrine

Warned European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories/interfering in the Americas.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 compromise crafted by Henry Clay; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30. Admitted Missouri (slave) and Maine (free) as states.

King Andrew

Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the veto power.

Marbury v. Madison

Established the Supreme Court's policy of judicial review.

American System

Henry Clay proposed this to advance the nation's economy. It consisted of:

* Protective Tariffs

* National Bank

* Internal Improvements

The Lowell Mill Factory

The system that recruited young farm women to work in the textile mills. They were housed in company dormitories near the mills.

Seneca Falls Convention

In 1848 women's rights movement wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances.

Transcendentalists

They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature.

Trail of Tears

In 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march.

Hartford Convention (1814)

A meeting was held due to opposition to the the War of 1812; some radical Federalist in the Northeast want to secede from the United States, but that it was rejected.

Panic 1837

Was a result of Jackson's defeat of the National Bank.

The Embargo Act of 1807

Cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Grave the United States Florida in exchange for taking on Spain's $5 million debt to American citizens.

John Q. Adams

Elected in 1824 as a result of a bargain struck by Henry Clay. Represented the wealthy elite

The Tariff of 1828

Increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing.

Henry Clay

Created the Tariff of 1833 to solve the Nullification Crisis, developed the American System, Speaker of the House, Secretary of State under JQA, Whig leaders, leader of the War Hawks.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law. Essentially, states cannot tax a federal entity.

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the claim from the supporters of Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay had worked out a deal to ensure that Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives in 1824.

Bank War

Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks". This resulted in the Panic of 1837.

Spoils System

A system of public employment (government offices) based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

Transportation Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement. He prompted the growth of American artists and culture.

Charles Grandison Finney

One of the most important leaders of the Second Great Awakening. He was against alcohol and supported women's involvement including preaching.

Temperance Movement

A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Mexican-American War

(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.