bio plants try 1

Dicotyledons

A group of flowering plants that develop from an embryo with two cotyledons (seed leaves).

Monocotyledons

Plants that develop from an embryo with one cotyledon.

Parenchyma

The most common type of plant cell, characterized as living cells involved in storage and support.

Collenchyma

Supporting tissue found in young plants, having elongated cells with unevenly thickened cell walls.

Sclerenchyma

Supporting tissue with thick lignified cell walls providing tensile strength and rigidity to plants.

Xylem

Vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves.

Phloem

Vascular tissue responsible for the translocation of sugars and organic substances throughout the plant.

Transpiration Pull

The pressure difference created by evaporation of water from leaf surfaces, driving water movement up through the xylem.

Stomata

Small openings on plant leaves that allow for gas exchange and transpiration.

Guard Cells

Specialized epidermal cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.

Root Hair

Tiny hair-like structures that increase surface area for water and mineral absorption.

Turgor Pressure

The pressure exerted by water in the central vacuole of plant cells, maintaining cell rigidity.

Active Transport

The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Cohesion

The attraction between molecules of the same substance, such as water, that helps maintain a continuous column of water in the xylem.

Adhesion

The attraction between different types of molecules, such as water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels.

Translocation

The movement of soluble organic substances, primarily sucrose, from sources to sinks within the plant.

Phloem Sap

A sugary solution that flows in the phloem, containing sucrose and other nutrients.

Companion Cells

Specialized cells in phloem that assist in the transport of sugars and help maintain the viability of sieve-tube members.

Casparian Strip

A waxy barrier in the endodermis of roots that regulates the flow of water and nutrients into the vascular tissue.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert _____ into chemical energy.

sunlight

The part of the plant responsible for water absorption is the _____ .

roots

_____ are the main sites of photosynthesis in plants.

leaves

The process by which water vapor exits the plant is known as _____.

transpiration

Plants perform _____ through their stomata, which are small openings on leaves.

gas exchange

The products of photosynthesis are glucose and _____ .

oxygen

In plants, _____ is the sugar transported through the phloem to nourish tissues.

sucrose

What is translocation in plants?

Translocation is the movement of soluble organic substances, primarily sucrose, from sources to sinks within the plant.

Which tissue is responsible for translocation?

Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for the translocation of sugars and organic substances throughout the plant.

What substances are primarily moved during translocation?

Sucrose and other organic nutrients are primarily moved during translocation.

What is the role of companion cells in phloem?

Companion cells assist in the transport of sugars and help maintain the viability of sieve-tube members.

What is transpiration?

Transpiration is the process by which water vapor exits the plant through small openings called stomata.

How does transpiration affect water movement in plants?

Transpiration creates a negative pressure that pulls water upward from the roots through the xylem.

What vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water and minerals?

Xylem is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves.

What is the relationship between transpiration and photosynthesis?

Transpiration facilitates nutrient movement and helps with cooling and gas exchange during photosynthesis.

What causes the stomata to open and close?

The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by guard cells, responding to environmental conditions.

What is the importance of xylem in relation to transpiration?

Xylem provides the pathway for water movement, essential for transpiration and nutrient transport in plants.