BSC2086 Exam 2

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ?

Pancreas

Lymph traveling from the left arm would enter the venous circulation via the

Thoracic

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by

plasma cells

Lymph leaves a lymph node via

Efferent lymphatic vessels

Lymph vessels do NOT transport

erythrocytes

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood

Which of the following structures is NOT considered mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

thymus

Peyer’s patches are found in the distal portion of the

small intestine

Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age?

thymus

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?

Thymus

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

produce new erythrocytes in adults

Although B and T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow, T cells mature in the

Thymus

A cellular component of the innate defenses includes

Natural killer cells

B lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all the following reasons but one. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons B lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediately

T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins: CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells?

They become plasma cells

Inflammation

brings more leukocytes to the sight of infection

Membrane attack complex (MAC) kills by

disrupting the selectively permeability of a bacteria’s plasma membrane

Which of the following is true of antigens?

Antigens are substances that activate the adaptive immune response.

Which of the following is true of incomplete antigens (happens)?

Incomplete antigens are only immunogenic when attached to protein carriers.

Without the positive selection process in lymphocyte maturation

T cells would not be able to properly bind to APC’s and therefore not be activated by them

Lymphocyte “education” refers to ensuring that T cells

that do not recognize self-MHC proteins undergo apoptosis

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the

Bone marrow

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by

vasodillation

In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?

antigen

which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement?

NK cells are a type of neutrophil

Interferons

Interfere with viral replication within cells

Regulatory T cells

may function in preventing autoimmune reactions

Activated T cells and macrophages release _____ to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

Cytokines

Which of the following would be a component of the body’s first line of defense?

Mucous membranes

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by

natural killer cells

Pure antibody preparations specific for a single antigenic determinant are called ___ antibodies

monoclonal

complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed

opsonization

Innate immune system defenses include

phagocytosis

Which of the following statements is incorrect or false?

Class II MHC molecules appear only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, thymic cells, and T cells that have been activated by exposure to antigens.

Immunocompetence _____

is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it

Cytotoxic T cells

Can directly attack and kill other cells of the body

T helper cells

function in the adaptive immune system activation

What is the role of interferon in defense against disease?

Protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses

Which bone does not contain paranasal sinuses?

temporal

The loudness of a person’s voice depends on the

force with which air rushes across the vocal folds

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type, I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to

secrete surfactant

Intrapulmonary pressure is the

pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by

Interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid.

The Bohr effect describes the tendency for hemoglobin to more readily unload oxygen under which conditions?

decreased pH and increased PCO2

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is

Increase of carbon dioxide

In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen is solution is

only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood

Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC?

chloride shifting

Possible causes of hypoxia include

too little oxygen in the atmosphere

The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the

vital capacity

respiratory control centers are located in the

medulla and pons

the left lung differs from the right in that the lung has

Cardiac notch

How is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood?

As bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells

inspiratory capacity is

the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration

which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin?

partial pressure of oxygen

The Bohr effect refers to the unloading of ____ in a RBC due to declining blood pH.

oxygen

Which of the following is a conducting zone structure?

terminal bronchiole