INR Exit Tickets

The Peace of Westphalia in 1648…..

Marked the beginning of the modern system of states

Which of the following is NOT an -Ism in IR?

Collectivism

In the game Chicken, what is the best strategy for each player?

Player 1 chooses the opposite of Player 2

What does it mean for an actor to be “rational” in IR?

They try to get their most preferred outcome, based on ordered, strategic preferences

North Korea imposes new restrictions on its population, limiting their contact with other countries. It does so knowing that other states might disagree, but cannot interfere. What concept is North Korea acting on?

Sovereignty

Country A and Country B are both stable democracies with strong domestic institutions. Despite a territorial dispute, they resolve it through negotiation rather than war. Which mechanism best explains this outcome?

Their leaders fear that if they go to war, their own voters will punish them at the next election

Which of the following is NOT a way to resolve credible commitment problems?

Getting perfect information about resolve and capabilities

After 9/11, the US experienced a “rally round the flag” effect and decided to begin the War on Terror. What best describes what happened to the bargaining range following that event from the perspective of the US?

Decreased the size of the bargaining range by making the public more willing to accept the cost of war

World War I started mainly because of defensive alliances being triggered as states started attacking each other (dominoes). What concept to alliances did this event highlight?

Entrapment

A defense contractor lobbies members of the Congressional Foreign Affairs Committee to approve spending for new fighter jets their company developed, saying they will improve national security by using cutting-edge technology. The company would receive $50 million from this deal, but would not sell the technology to anyone else. This is an example of

The military industrial complex

State A is a great power with a strong military, and they have been taking over other territories in the region. State B is a smaller state that does not have a strong military to fight back against State A. In order to ensure their survival, State B decides to enter into a military alliance with State A. This is an example of which of the following?

Bandwagoning

Which two MAIN problems do collective security agreements face when preventing gobal conflict?

Joint decision-making and collective action problems

Within State A, there are two groups: Group X which believes the country should be a dictatorship and Group Y which believes the government should keep trying to set up democratic institutions. Group Y is significantly more powerful than Group X, as they have access to the current government’s military. What is the best strategy for Group X to pursue, if they decide to fight Group Y in a civil war?

They should use hit-and-run tactics on small locations and focus on minor victories rather than major military operations

Which of the following describes the two types of violence insurgents and counterinsurgents can sue in a conflict?

They can focus their violence on targets they know are aligned with the other side or they can commit widespread violence against everyone in an area to prevent the other from hiding and regrouping.

Al-Qaeda attacked the United States on 9/11 in order to discourage the United States from intervening in the region. They hoped that the US would respond disproportion lately and attack many Muslim nations in retaliation, which would help build support for their cause. Which of the following describes their rationale in doing so?

They were attempting to provoke the US so that individuals in these other states would see the US as the enemy and side with their group against the US

China can either make 200 potatoes or 100 wheat for $1 million dollars. India can make 100 potatoes or 80 wheat for $1 million dollars. Which correctly describes which good(s) each country will export if they follow comparative advantage?

China will export potatoes and India will export wheat because it costs less for China to make potatoes and less for India to make wheat.

Which of the following properly describes the informal institution: Most-Favored Nation (MFN)?

The lowest barriers to trade a country applies to another apply to all countries

A large firm in Japan would like to expand its operations into Vietnam. They are a car manufacturing company, and intend to buy out local steel businesses and set up a new manufacturing center to make car batteries instead of importing them from elsewhere. What type of international financial relations is this firm engaging in?

Vertical FDI

Which of the following is NOT true of floating currencies?

It implements an “adjustable peg” so fewer commodities have to be used to set value

South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore chose to focus on building up their manufacturing sectors following the 1950s. They gave tax breaks to exporting industries, and invested many state resources to keep a weak currency. Which of the following is the name of the development policy they were following?

Export-oriented Industrialization

There are three characteristics that define international law. One of them asks what states are bound to in good faith according to the law. Which characteristic is this?

Obligation

The nuclear taboo discourages states from adopting nuclear weapons programs. It asserts that the proliferation (spread) of these weapons is dangerous, since they can only be used in ways that would bring massive harm to human life. States are then constrained when they attempt to adopt a nuclear program. What type of international norm is this?

Regulative norm

Which of the following correctly describes the boomerang model TANs use to pressure states when they notice violations of international laws and norms?

A group cannot directly influence its own government, so it appeals to outside states and institutions who can pressure their home state instead

Which of the following is NOT a reason we discussed why states might give for ignoring or violating human rights?

They only enforce human rights when they are in accordance with procedural norms, not when there are constitutive or regulative norms

What does it mean for a good to be “nonexcludable” AND “nonrival?”

Once a person purchases or receives access to it, the good is still available to everyone. Their usage does not limit what other people can access with it