Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 2018 (Republic Act No. 11038) - Key Terms

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 2018 (RA 11038) to review concepts likely to appear on the exam.

Biological diversity (biodiversity)

The variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

Bioprospecting

The research, collection, and utilization of biological and genetic resources for purposes of applying the knowledge derived therefrom solely for commercial purposes.

Buffer zones

Identified areas outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to designated protected areas that need special development control in order to avoid or minimize harm to the protected area.

By-products or Derivatives

Parts taken or substances extracted from wildlife, in raw or in processed form.

Collecting

The act of gathering or harvesting wildlife and its by-products or derivatives.

Conveyance

Every kind of vessel, including motorized or nonmotorized vehicles, nondisplacement crafts and seaplanes that are used or may be used as a means of transportation on land or water. It shall include everything found therein, except personal effects.

Delineation

The actual ground survey of the boundaries of protected areas and their buffer zones and management zones using the global positioning system (GPS) or other applicable survey instruments and technologies, with the intention of producing a map of the area.

Demarcation

The establishment of the boundaries of protected areas and their buffer zones using visible markers, monuments, buoys in case of marine areas, and known natural features and landmarks, among others.

Ecosystem goods and services

The multitude of material and nonmaterial provisions and benefits from healthy ecosystems necessary for human sustenance, well-being, and survival including support processes, provisioning and environment-regulating services, and cultural resource preservation services.

Endemic species

The species or subspecies of flora and fauna which are naturally occurring and found within specific areas in the country.

Exotic species

The species or subspecies of flora and fauna which do not naturally occur within the protected area at present or in historical time.

Exploration

The act of searching or prospecting for mineral resources, as defined by law, by geological, geochemical or geophysical surveys, remote sensing, test pitting, trenching, drilling, shaft sinking, tunneling or any other means, for the purpose of determining the existence, extent, quantity, and quality of resources in an area, and the feasibility of utilizing these resources for profit.

Gear

Any instrument or device utilized in taking, catching, gathering, killing, hunting, destroying, disturbing, removing, or possessing resources within the protected area.

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material through the use of modern biotechnology.

Hunting

The killing or catching of wild fauna for food and recreational purposes, with the use of weapons such as guns, bow and arrow, spears, traps and snares, and the like.

Indigenous Cultural Community (ICC)/Indigenous People (IP)

A group of people sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions, and other distinctive cultural traits, and who have, since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized a territory.

Integrated Protected Area Fund (IPAF)

The special account established for the purpose of financing projects of the NIPAS and individual protected areas.

Invasive alien species

Species introduced deliberately or unintentionally outside their natural habitats where they have the ability to establish themselves, invade, outcompete native species, and take over the new environment.

Kaingin

The slash-and-burn cultivation of vegetated land in a protected area, whether occupied or not, shifting and permanent with little provision to prevent soil erosion.

Multiple-use zone

The area where settlement, traditional and sustainable land use including agriculture, agroforestry, extraction activities, and income generating or livelihood activities may be allowed to the extent prescribed in the protected area management plan.

National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)

The classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems, to preserve genetic diversity, to ensure sustainable use of resources found therein, and to maintain their natural conditions to the greatest extent possible.

National park

The lands of the public domain classified as such in the Constitution which include all areas under the NIPAS pursuant to this Act, primarily designated for the conservation of native plants and animals, their associated habitats and cultural diversity.

Natural biotic area

An area set aside to allow the way of life of societies living in harmony with the environment to adapt to modern technology at their pace.

Natural monument

A relatively small area focused on the protection of small features to protect or preserve nationally significant natural features on account of their special interest or unique characteristics.

Natural park

A relatively large area not materially altered by human activity where extractive resource uses are not allowed and is maintained to protect outstanding natural and scenic areas of national or international significance for scientific, educational, and recreational use.

Occupying

A continuous stay of individuals or groups within a protected area, whether residing or engaging in the cultivation of land or fishing for more than twenty-four (24) hours.

Poaching

Gaining products or natural resources from the protected area by any individual or entity; in marine areas, operating any foreign fishing vessels without a permit.

Protected area

Identified portions of land and/or water set aside by reason of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive human exploitation.

Protected area occupants

Persons residing, utilizing, and cultivating areas within the protected area. These include private owners, IPs, tenured migrants and informal settlers.

Protected Area Retained Income Account (PA-RIA)

The trust fund representing the seventy-five percent (75%) of revenues generated from the protected area to support its operation and management, deposited in the PA-RIA at an authorized government depository bank.

Protected landscapes and/or seascapes

Areas of national significance characterized by the harmonious interaction of man and land and water while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation, tourism, and other economic activities.

Protected species

Plants or animals declared protected under Philippine laws, including species listed under CITES Annexes, CMS, IUCN red list, or those deemed necessary for conservation by DENR, PAMB or other government agencies.

Quarrying

The process of extracting, removing, and disposing sand, gravel, guano, limestone, and other building materials within the protected area.

Resource reserve

An extensive, relatively isolated, and uninhabited area designated to protect the natural resources of the area for future use and prevent or contain development activities that could affect the resources, pending sustainable utilization goals.

Special Account in the General Fund (SAGF)

The trust fund deposited in the national treasury representing the twenty-five percent (25%) of the revenues generated from the operation of individual protected areas, earmarked to support the National Integrated Protected Areas System.

Strict nature reserve

An area possessing outstanding ecosystem features and species of national scientific importance that should be maintained in an undisturbed state and serves for scientific study, environmental monitoring, education, and genetic resource preservation.

Tenured migrants

Protected area occupants who have been actually, continuously and presently occupying a portion of the protected area for five (5) years before proclamation or law establishing the same as a protected area, and are solely dependent therein for subsistence.

Threatened species

Species or subspecies considered critically endangered, vulnerable, or other accepted categories of wildlife whose population is at risk of extinction.

Wetlands

A wide variety of inland habitats such as marshes, peatlands, floodplains, rivers and lakes, and coastal areas such as saltmarshes, mangroves, intertidal mudflats and seagrass beds, and also coral reefs and other marine areas no deeper than six meters at low tide, plus human-made wetlands like dams and reservoirs.

Wildlife

The wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all developmental stages, including those in captivity or being bred, fed, or propagated.

Wildlife Sanctuary

An area which assures the natural conditions necessary to protect nationally significant species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment which may require specific human manipulations for their perpetuation.

DENR

Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

BMB

Biodiversity Management Bureau.

PAMB

Protected Area Management Board.

PASU

Protected Area Superintendent.

PAMO

Protected Area Management Office.

NCIP

National Commission on Indigenous Peoples.

Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP)

Plan required under Indigenous Peoples' rights act for sustainable development and protection of ancestral domains.

CLUP

Comprehensive Land Use Plan used by local governments.

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment; process to evaluate environmental impacts of proposals, requiring an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) or an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for non-critical projects.

ECC

Environmental Compliance Certificate issued under the Philippine EIA System, required before project implementation.

IEE

Initial Environmental Examination for projects not environmentally critical, as an alternative to a full EIA.

What activities are allowed in a "Multiple-use zone" within a protected area?

In a Multiple-use zone, settlement, traditional and sustainable land use including agriculture, agroforestry, extraction activities, and income generating or livelihood activities may be allowed to the extent prescribed in the protected area management plan.

Define "Kaingin" and describe its environmental implications.

Kaingin refers to the slash-and-burn cultivation of vegetated land in a protected area, whether occupied or not, shifting and permanent with little provision to prevent soil erosion. It has significant negative environmental implications due to deforestation and soil degradation.

Who are "Tenured migrants" and what criteria define them?

Tenured migrants are protected area occupants who have been actually, continuously, and presently occupying a portion of the protected area for five (5) years before its proclamation or law establishing it as such, and are solely dependent therein for subsistence.

What encompasses the term "Wildlife"?

Wildlife includes the wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all developmental stages, including those in captivity or being bred, fed, or propagated.

What is the role of the "Protected Area Management Board (PAMB)"?

The PAMB is responsible for the overall management of a protected area, including planning, decision-making, and overseeing the implementation of the protected area management plan.