POLS 2305 Exam 1

SHSU

"According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the main objective of government is to ensure"

Order

True or False: The Bill of Rights was part of the Constitution when it was ratified.

False

In a unitary system the national government have more power than the state governments.

True

Congress enacts laws that giving the national government responsibility for functions that were previously state responsibilities. It is exercising

preemption

The general term for money paid by one level of government to another is

grant-in-aid

John Locke's social contract theory was embodied in . . .

the Declaration of Independence.

"In creating a new national government, the colonial revolutionaries main goal was to . . . "

limit its powers.

Larger states benefited most under what plan?

The Virginia Plan

Someone who believes that the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution should be narrowly interpreted & the 10th Amendment should be broadly read is most likely to endorse the concept of_____ federalism.

dual

Congress enacts laws that giving the national government responsibility for functions that were previously state responsibilities. It is exercising

preemption

Divine Right

Authority of god

Magna Carta

British Gov. has authority to protect lives, liberties, and property of citizens

English Bill of Rights

list of liberties and protections of citizens

Natural law

set of laws based on human mortality and ethics

Logic of natural laws

all people have inherent rights from God or nature

Thomas Hobbes Idea

Without government life is nasty

John Locke Idea

need government to protect life, liberty and property

How the social contract affected the American Founding

requires people to give consent to be governed

Key disputes between King George III and American Colonists

No taxation without representation

Paine’s Common Sense

argued for complete independence from Great Britain and the establishment of a new republican government in America

Treaty of Paris

Ended Revolutionary War. U.S. independent & established borders

Governor of Colony

appointed by king & loyal

Legislative Assembly by Colony

locally elected and represents colonists

Declaration of Independence

proclamation arguing in support of separation of from Britain

How does the Declaration of Independence correspond to Social Contract Theory?

if the government violates contract then people can resist/remove rulers

How many chambers in continental congress

One, unicameral

Articles of Confederations

loose association of independent states

How were states under Articles of Confederations?

like separate nations

How long did the Articles of Confederations last?

less than a decade

Virginia Plan

Representation by population

New Jersey Plan

Equal representation for each state

The Great Compromise - House

Population based

The Great Compromise - Senate

Equal representation

Three-Fifths Compromise

enslaved people seen as only 3/5 of a person for voting

Presidential Compromise

Indirect through Electoral College

Republicanism

people have power through elected reps

Federalism 

Division of power between national and state governments

Separation of Powers

Separate powers of government

Checks and Balances

Each branch gets some control over others

Article 1

Legislature

Article 2

Executive

Article 3

Judiciary

Article 4

States and state relations

Article 5

Constitutional Amendment

Article 6

Supremacy Clause

Article 7

Constitutional Ratification

Formal Amendment

written change or addition

Judicial review

U.S. supreme court declares actions of other branches/units of government unconstitutional 

Political Practice

The way we do things changes

Federalists

strong nat. gov. & supported the constitution

Anti-federalists

Weak nat. gov. & protects states

Who wanted a Bill of Rights?

Anti-federalists

Was the Bill of Rights in the original Constitution? (Y/N)

No

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments to Constitution

Full Faith and Credit Clause

states must recognize official acts of other states

Privileges and Immunities Clause

state government cannot discriminate against citizens of other states

Prohibitions of states

make treaties, engage in war, create own currency and tax commerce

Reserved (Residual) Powers

Powers of government left to the states or people in them

10th amendment

states rights

McCulloch v. Maryland

Necessary and Proper Clause

Gibbons v. Ogden

Interstate Commerce Clause

Elastic Clause

Big

Preemption

national government take over doing something states used to do

Mandates

require state to do something while meeting minimum national standards

Restraints

forbids state government from doing something

Grants-in-aid

Money paid to one level of government to another

Devolution

Transfer to policymaking authority from the federal (national) government to the states

Dual Federalism Cake

Layer Cake

Cooperative Federalism Cake

Marbled Cake