Microbiology Lecture Test 1 Review - Chapter 1

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms and concepts from Chapter 1 for Lecture Test 1.

Microbiology

The scientific study of microscopic organisms.

Cellular Microbes

Microbes that consist of cells, including fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea.

Acellular Particles

Microscopic entities that are non-cellular, including viruses, viroids, satellites, and prions.

Ubiquitous

Present, found everywhere.

Carl Linnaeus

Known as the Father of Taxonomy.

Carl Woese

Differentiated all organisms into 3 Domains.

3 Domains

The three overarching classifications of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Prokaryotic

Simpler and smaller cells that have no membrane-bound organelles or nuclei.

Bacteria

Prokaryotic single-celled organisms with a cell wall containing peptidoglycan; they are ubiquitous and some can cause disease.

Archaea

Prokaryotic single-celled organisms that have differing rRNA, proteins, and membrane lipids from bacteria, contain no peptidoglycan, are not pathogenic, and may live in extreme conditions.

Eukarya

Organisms that are more complex than prokaryotes but usually single-celled, possess membrane-bound organelles and nuclei, and include protozoa, algae, yeast, and molds.

Common Cell Features

Components that all cells have in common: membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and some nucleic acid.

RNA

The first biological macromolecule and precursor to DNA; it codes for proteins and can regulate gene expression.

Endosymbiosis

An interaction between 2 organisms in which 1 lives inside of the other.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The theory that eukaryotes evolved from endosymbiosis, supported by evidence from mitochondria, chloroplasts, and hydrogenosomes.

Horizontal Gene Transfer

A process of evolution where an organism acquires new genes, alongside evolution through mutation.

Janssens

Built the 1st compound microscope with 3-9 x magnification.

Hook

Father of Cell Biology who used 20-50x magnification.

Van Leeuwenhoek

Father of Microbiology who described microbes with 500x magnification and published his findings.

Needham

Associated with the theory of spontaneous generation.

Spallanzani

Showed that hay in a sealed environment does not make microbes, providing evidence for disproving spontaneous generation.