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Weathering
The process of rocks breaking down or wearing away on the Earth’s surface. Weathering can come in three different types:
Physical: due to wind, rain, waves or temp. changes. E.g. freeze-thaw
Chemical: when rain or seawater, which can be weakly acidic, dissolves rocks like limestone or chalk. An example is salt crystal growth.
Biological: occurs when plants and animals affect the rock. An example is plants burrowing.
Mass movement
The downhill movement of material like soil, rock or mud.
Causes: Gravity, Slope, Water, Lack of Vegetation.
Types: Rockfall, Mudflow, Landslide, Rotational Slump.
Run-off
The movement of water across the land's surface when there is more water than the land can absorb.
Erosion
The process of land being worn away by natural forces like water, wind, or ice.
Transportation
The movement of materials, such as sediment, water, and nutrients, through the ocean, rivers, and coastal areas.
Deposition
The process of dropping down sediment that has been carried by wind, water, the sea, or ice.
Landforms of erosion
Features created by the wearing away of rock by waves, wind, and glaciers.
Examples:
Headlands: Landforms that jut out into the water
Bays: Landforms created by erosion
Caves: Formed when waves erode cracks in headlands
Arches: Formed when caves are eroded through headlands
Stacks: Formed when the tops of arches collapse
Stumps: Formed when the bases of stacks collapse
Landforms of deposition
Landforms created when water loses energy and deposits sediment.
Examples:
Examples of depositional landforms
Beaches: Accumulations of sand, shingle, pebbles, mud, or silt
Spits: Long ridges of sand or shingle that extend into the sea
Bars: Sand that covers the entrance to an old bay, leaving behind a lagoon
Tombolos: Depositional landforms
Salt marshes: Depositional landforms
Sand dunes: Depositional landforms
Levees: Depositional landforms created by rivers
Deltas: Depositional landforms created by rivers
