🪼 EOC study guide#5 _201-250

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany’s WWI tactic of sinking all ships (military/civilian) in enemy waters without warning; 'zone will be shrunk' included in warning.

Homefront

Life in the U.S. during wartime: rationing, propaganda, industry changes, and public support efforts.

Committee of Public Information

Propaganda agency led by George Creel to rally American support for WWI.

War Industries Board

Managed U.S. wartime production; coordinated materials, labor, and factory use.

War Bonds

Government-issued loans sold to citizens to raise funds for war expenses.

Mobilization

The process of preparing a nation for war, including drafting troops and shifting the economy.

Demobilization

Shifting from wartime to peacetime economy; often leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.

Espionage Act (1917)

Made it illegal to interfere with military operations or support U.S. enemies during war.

Sedition Act (1918)

Extended the Espionage Act to criminalize criticism of the government or war effort.

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case that ruled free speech could be limited during wartime.

Liberty cabbage / liberty pups / liberty burger / liberty measles

Patriotic rebranding of German-related names during WWI.

African Americans in WWI

Served in segregated units; rarely saw combat unless under French command.

Armistice

Agreement that ended WWI fighting on November 11, 1918.

Big Four

Leaders of U.S. (Wilson), Britain (Lloyd George), France (Clemenceau), and Italy (Orlando) at Treaty talks.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s peace plan: free trade, no secret treaties, disarmament, and League of Nations.

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty that ended WWI; punished Germany with reparations, land loss, and blame.

League of Nations

International organization for peace; U.S. didn’t join due to fear of foreign entanglements.

Washington Naval Conference

1921 meetings to limit naval arms and promote Pacific peace.

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods; used to protect domestic industries.

Fordney-McCumber Act

1922 law that raised tariffs to protect U.S. farms and factories.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928 agreement where nations promised not to use war to settle disputes.

Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom

Group that opposed harsh WWI peace terms and promoted diplomacy.

Emergency Quota Act (1921)

Limited immigration to 3% of each nationality based on 1910 census.

Communism

System where property is owned collectively; often led by authoritarian regimes.

Socialism

Economic system with shared ownership or heavy government control of production.

Anarchism

Belief in abolishing all forms of government and hierarchical authority.

Capitalism

Economic system with private ownership, profit motive, and market competition.

Red Scare (1st & 2nd)

Periods of intense fear of communism: post-WWI and during the Cold War.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian anarchists controversially executed during Red Scare hysteria.

Palmer Raids

1919–1920 raids arresting suspected radicals without proper evidence or warrants.

KKK

White supremacist group targeting minorities, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants.

Rosewood Incident

1923 massacre of a Black community in Florida by a white mob.

Teapot Dome Scandal

1920s bribery scandal involving oil leases and the Harding administration.

Roaring 20s

Era of economic growth, social change, and cultural flourishing after WWI.

Jazz Age

Nickname for the 1920s, defined by jazz music and modern youth culture.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural revival of Black art, music, and literature in 1920s Harlem.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Author of The Great Gatsby, capturing themes of wealth and excess in the 1920s.

The Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban North for jobs.

Flappers

Rebellious 1920s women who embraced short hair, short skirts, and independence.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929: the stock market crashed, sparking the Great Depression.

Installment Plans

'Buy now, pay later' method that increased consumer debt in the 1920s.

Buying on Margin

Purchasing stocks with borrowed money; major cause of the stock market crash.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

High tariff law (1930) that worsened the Depression by reducing global trade.

Bull Market

Period when stock prices keep rising, encouraging investment.

Gross National Product (GNP)

Total economic output of a country, including foreign business.

Great Depression

Economic crisis (1929–1939) marked by bank failures, unemployment, and poverty.

Dust Bowl

Severe drought and poor farming in the 1930s that led to mass migration from the Midwest.

Herbert Hoover

President at the start of the Depression; criticized for limited response to crisis.

Bonus Army

WWI veterans demanding early bonus pay in 1932; dispersed by military force.