Changing Places AS Geography (WJEC)

how many people work in agriculture in the lake district at what time

1851, 40%

how much money did tourists spend in the lake district in 2017, and how many jobs created

1.4 billion, 18,500 jobs

how many work in agriculture and tourism today in lake district

2500, 15000

what % of homes in the lake district are second homes or holiday homes

15

population of foster city in california

34,000

what % work in technical and scientific services in foster city

26

what % work in technical and scientific services in the U.S.

6.7

avg income in foster city

130,000 over double usa

what is the descriptive approach

facts and figures, human and physical features

what is the social constructionist approach

social processes and history

what is the phenomenological approach

focuses on perspecive

what is an MNC

multinational company

define gentrification

the revival of urban areas in decline, often as an unplanned chain reaction stemming from private investment

how have house prices changed in london

10x higher in 15 years

what % of londoners live below the poverty line

40

brixton’s caribbean community statistic

40% black owned businesses closed between 2010 and 2020

when did deindustrialisation occur in Bermondsey

1970s

when were old warehouses repurposed into apartments in Bermondsey

1990s

company and dates of london docklands regeneration

london docklands development corporation 1981-1998

when did jubilee line get extended London docklands

1999

london docklands average house price in 1995 vs 2023

80,000 vs 750,000

mean income in bermondsey in 2000’s vs 2020

20,000 vs 40,000

bermondsey what happened between 2010 and 2020

homelessness applications increased by 20%

example of social event due to studentification

chinese new year birmingham

overcrowding statistic studentification

20% increase during term times in manchester

energy consumption studentification statistic

students use 30% less energy

student waste statistic

nottingham students produce 50% more

how many daily visitors for kings cross

45,000

building in kings cross name

landscraper

how many google employees in kings cross

7000

how many jobs in kings cross

19,000

example of flagship development

kings cross

how many homes and what % affordable in kings cross

1200, 40%

calculate location quotent

% of total workforce in specific activity / % of total country’s workforce in specific activity

cardiff population change

1801-1901, 1870 to 164333

industrial revolution dates

1750-1900

Which family helped in regeneration of cardiff

bute family

% of pop in service sector vs manufacturing in cardiff

80 and 6

how many passengers in cardiff international airport

1.6 million

how many annual tourists in cardiff

18 million

what % of cardiff is ethnic minority

8

how many people does the principality stadium hold

74,000

date of cardiff regeneration and how much

april 1987, 1,100 hectares

what company refurbished cardiff

cardiff bay development corporation

when was the cardiff bay barage completed

2001

impacts of cardiff bay regeneration

30,000 jobs, 1.3 million visitors in 2023, barrage cost 220 million, over 2 billion total, 25% more young pop than average, 10% households displaced

other regeneration case study

ebbw vale

when did ebbw vale become centre for steel manufacture

1960’s

what is happening to ebbw vale now

high conc of deprivation, commuter town for cardiff, being redeveloped for education housing and medicine

why are primary jobs declining

mechanisation, resource depletion, globalisation, attitude

Tata steel closed in

2016

how many redundancies in uk when tata steel closed

1050

older vs younger areas of london examples

hoxton and clapham is younger, richmond on thames is older

how many from other ethnicities entered the uk in how long

8.7 million in last 20 years

what is stigmatization

regarding something as disgraceful

how much pollution came from fuel burning and when

83% in 2013

what is the ERDF and what does it do

european regional development fund, financially aids projects to help poorer areas grow

european social fund

aims to tackle poverty by helping young people get skills

how many enterprise zones in england and wales

48 and 7

what is an lep

voluntary partnership between local authorities and businesses to promote economic growth and job creation

example of lep

solent lep

what did this lep do

create 5700 jobs in the next 20 years, 130m in investment

oh dear

oh dear

malaysia invested in what

battersea redevelopment

changes to the service sector

2001-2018, 76% - 83%

uk city centres are the location of what

72% of highly skilled jobs

positive economic impacts of 2012 olympics

7000 temp jobs, 2.1 billion made from tourism

negative economic impacts of 2012 olympics

only 20% of jobs locally recruited, 380 companies relocated

positive social impacts of 2012 olympics

5000 houses to be built half are low cost

negative social impacts of 2012 olympics

house prices increased by at least a third

positive environmental impacts of 2012 olympics

4000 trees and 74,000 plants, 12 million spent removing 30,000 tonnes of rubbish, railways and canals used to reduce carbon emissions by 80%

negative environmental impacts of 2012 olympics

wind turbine not built due to planning complications, so only 9% was renewable instead of 20%

creative industries are worth

78 billion

digital economy worth

184 billion, 31% of gdp

what causes knowledge based clusters to form

uni, other companies, government aid, infrastructure, globalisation

impacts of knowledge based clusters

economic growth, investment, changing demographic, improved infrastructure, digital exclusion

impacts of KBC - economic growth

job rates 30% higher, San fran bay contributes 500 billion to cali gdp

impacts of KBC - investment

cambridge 3 billion annual investment

impacts of KBC -digital exclusion

2019, 9.3% of adults in wales had never used the internet

cambridge facts

170 companies, 30% foreign owned, huawei and microsoft, stansted airport 30 min away on train, 5000 employees

silicon valley facts

stanford berkeley and caltech, over 150 firms, nearly 25% in poverty, avg commute time increased 30% in last 10 years, region’s gdp of 750 billion

silicon roundabout facts

inner london 92% increase in digital firms 2010-2013, 6000 tech companies, rental costs doubled 2011-2013

define regeneration

long term process aimed at improving the economy and social environment

define reimaging

changing perception

methods of rebranding rural areas

recreation, heritage, media, event management, food

aims and impacts of rural rebranding

revive outdated reputation, differentiate from other areas, highlight changes, encourage investment, balance population structure and diversify economy

examples for rural rebranding

eden project, superfast cornwall

eden project stats

90% workers from cornwall, 600,000 school children visited, 18 mil visitors since 2001, all year round, courses and apprenticeships

superfast cornwall stats

132 million, fiberoptic cables underground, 80% by 2014 have faster broadband

consequences of rural rebranding

nimbyism, non tourist related activities fall, environmental concerns

blaenau ffestiniog stats

based on primary industry until 2006, external funding set up - Blaenau Ymlaen partnership, zip world bounce below mountain biking kayaking etc

effects of counterurbanisation

local buyers priced out, second homes, digital exclusion

reimaging rural places methods (4)

community initiatives, commercial conservation of heritage, recreation tourism and services, external agencies and governments

second homes stat

lake district has 15% properties with owners living elsewhere

what are CLTs

community land trusts

what do CLTs do

counteract pressure of counterurbanisation, run by local community who can buy or nominate purchases for houses being sold

how to restrict second home ownership

more council tax and stamp duty tax, financial assistance to first time buyers, designated properties for holiday lets

reimaging urban areas through sport benefits and costs

jobs, multiplier effect, taxes, tourism, congestion, need wide accessibility, maintenance costs

stratford olympic park stats

generated 9 billion extra revenue, 40% affordable housing, 3.3 million tonnes of co2

edinburgh festivals stat

all festivals in edinburgh attract over 4 million visitors