Chapter 1: The Nature of Philosophy

d’Holbach

said everything is predetermined by causes we do not control, so we are not free.

Stenstad

argues that truth is many and that opposing views can be equally valid and true.

Gandhi

said that we should selflessly harm no living thing and passively resist evil without violence.

Epistemology

looks at the extent and realiability of our knowledge, truth, and logic, and whether knowledge is possible.

Karma

Concept that combines determinism and freedom.

Euthyphro

Socrates question the conventional believes his fellow Athenians

Metaphysics

looks at the ultimate characteristics of reality of existence.

Plato’s Myth of the Cave

Chained prisoners watch shadows cast on a cave wall by objects passing in front of a fire. To them, the shadows are reality.

Ethics

asks about our moral obligations and moral virtues; our moral principles; what is morally good; and the morality of behaviours, social policies, and social institutions.

the republic

Socrates’ questioning gave him the reputation of an irritating “gadfly.”

the apology

is Socrates’ speech at his trial on charges of impiety and corrupting youth.

Crito

Socrates’ friend urges him to escape from prison as “the many” would advise.

Socrates

Who’s argument structure is this: if the gods love what is holy because it is holy then what makes things holy is not what they are loved by the gods