Video Notes: Atomic Structure and Bonding - Vocabulary Flashcards

This set covers isotopes, carbon dating, diatomic molecules, ions, and naming conventions for ionic and molecular compounds, including polyatomic ions and prefixes.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element (same protons) that have different numbers of neutrons, giving different masses.

Atomic number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; determines the element and equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Carbon-12

The common, stable carbon isotope with 6 protons and 6 neutrons; standard reference for atomic mass.

Carbon-13

A carbon isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons; used in labeling and tracing.

Carbon-14

Radioactive carbon isotope with 6 protons and 8 neutrons; used in carbon dating; half-life ≈ 5730 years.

Carbon dating

Dating method that estimates age of ancient materials by measuring carbon-14 decay.

Half-life

The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay (5730 years for carbon-14).

Diatomic molecule

A molecule made of two atoms, often of the same element (e.g., H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2).

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together; can be an element or a compound.

Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, giving it a net electric charge.

Cation

A positively charged ion (loss of electrons), e.g., Na+.},{