clinical quiz NMU

انا لسا مكتشف اننا هنمتحن عالماده دي

كنت بحسب اننا هنعاملها معامله السكاشن واوسبي بس وكدا

بما ان كروت الباثو وكل اللي فات يعتبر overkill

فا في اللي جاي هقلل عدد الكروت شويتين واركز فيها علي اللي محتاج انك تقعدله تحفظه وميجيش بالمذاكره زي اغلب الحاجات

diagnosis in medicine depends on ? 3

التشخيص مبني علي 3 مصادر للمعلومات اي هما

clinical history

physical examination

investigation

what are the 8 main components of history taking

الكارت دا بالمحاضره كلها انا لو هكتفي ب حفظه بس وفهم الباقي يعتبر كفايه

PCHPFHSF

1. PERSONAL HISTORY

2. CHIEF COMPLAINT

3. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS

4. PAST HISTORY

5. FAMILY HISTORY

6. H/O ALLERGIES

7. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS

8. FOR FEMALE MENSTRUAL, OBESTATRIC HISTORY

what are the 7 components of personal history

بيتكون من ايه

NASOMRA

1• NAME

2• AGE

3• SEX

4• OCCUPATION

5• MARRIED

6• RESIDENCE

7• ASPECIAL HABIT

how is the smoking index determined

THE SMOKING INDEX WAS DETERMINED BY MULTIPLYING THE NUMBER OF CIGARETTES SMOKED PER DAY BY THE NUMBER OF YEARS OF SMOKING

what are the 3 levels of smoking

1-MILD SMOKING (SMOKING INDEX ≤200)

2-MODERATE SMOKING (200 < SMOKING INDEX <400)

3-SEVERE SMOKING (SMOKING INDEX ≤400)

هنا محسوبه بالسيجاره الواحده وفيه بقا ال pack year

دا بيحسب عدد العلب

HISTORY OF PRESENTING COMPLAINT consists of ? 6

ONCADA

1-ONSET

2-NATURE

3-COURSE

4-ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS

5-DURATION OF EACH SYMPTOM.

6-AGGREVATING AND RELIEVING FACTORS

OLD CARTS is a mnemonic for symptom assessment

الجمله دي اختصار للمعلومات اللي المفروض نجمعها عن ال

symptom

قولهم بقا واحد واحد

O onset
L location
D duration

C characteristics
A aggravating factors
R relieving factors
T treatments (and response)
S severity

واحنا بناخد ال past history

؟؟؟ ايه الحاجات اللي المفروض نسأل عليها 5

1• HX OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

2• HX OF OPERATION

3• HX OF ANY MEDICATION

4• HX OF DRUG SENSITIVITY

5• HX OF TRAVEL ABROAD

دا غير اننا المفروض نعرف لو المريض اشتكي من نفس الاعراض قبل كدا ومدي شدتها سابقا وتكررها

what is an allergy ?

ALLERGIES ARE HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSES FROM THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO SUBSTANCES THAT EITHER ENTER OR COME INTO CONTACT WITH THE BODY

what are the common presentation of allergies (5)

اعراضها ايه او ايه اللي بيظهر عليه

1-COLD

2-COUGH

3-SNEEZES

4-RASHES

5-FACIAL EDEMA

what are the 5 common allergens ?

1-DUST

2-MITES

3-POLLEN

4-SOME KINDS OF FOODS

5-DRUGS

enquiries that are made for taking menstrual history ? (6)

اسأله المفروض تتسأل او معلومات المفروض نعرفها

• I. AGE OF MENARCHE

• II. DURATION OF EACH CYCLE

• III. REGULAR OR IRREGULAR CYCLES

• IV. VOLUME OF BLOOD LOSS IN EACH MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• V. AGE OF ATTAINMENT OF MENOPAUSE

• VI. POST-MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING.

what are the 9 enquiries that are made for taking obstetric history

اسأله المفروض تتسأل او معلومات المفروض نعرفها

الله يكون في عوننا الكارت دا

• I. NUMBER OF TIMES THE PATIENT CONCEIVED.

• II. NUMBER OF TIMES PREGNANCY WAS CARRIED TO TERM.

• III. NUMBER OF ABORTIONS.

• IV. NUMBER OF LIVING CHILDREN, THEIR AGES AND THE AGE OF THE LAST CHILD DELIVERED.

• V. THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE PREGNANCIES/ABORTIONS.

• VI. MODE OF DELIVERY (VAGINAL, FORCEPS ASSISTED, OR CAESAREAN).

• VII. DEVELOPMENT OF OEDEMA LEGS, HYPERTENSION OR SEIZURES IN THE ANTENATAL OR POSTNATAL PERIOD.

• VIII. GESTATIONAL DIABETES

• IX. TUBECTOMY OR HYSTERECTOMY

onset

المرض بقاله قد اي في الحالات الجايه

acute ?

subacute ?

chronic ?

acute = less than 4 weeks

subacute = 4 to 12 weeks

chronic = more than 12 weekd

بص انا في اللي جاي هقول الكلمه بس مثلا

chest pain

وانت هتشرح بقا

دا كارت مش نوت قول الاجابه

Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that keeps coming back. It happens when some part of your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen.

دا من الاعراض اللي تخلي البيشنت يخاف او ينتبه ان عنده مشكله سواء في الرئه او القلب

palpitation is ?

physiological causes ? 3

pathological causes ? 4

awareness of the beating of one’s heart brought by change in the rate, rhythm/contractility of hears

physio :

1- exercise

2- sexual or emotional outburst

3- anxiety

patho :

1- endocrine

2- cardiac

3- metabolic

4- drugs/toxins

dyspnea is ?

ومعناها الحرفي اي

difficulty or awareness of your breathing

dys = hard

pnoea = breathing

syncope is ?

coma is ?

اي الفرق بينهم

syncope is a faint with transient (وقت بسيط يعني) loss of consciousness caused by decreased blood flow to the brain

.

coma is a state of unconsciousness where a person IS UNRESPONSIVE AND CANNOT BE WOKEN

اعتقد الفرق واضح الكوما انت مهما عملت مش هتعرف تفوقه

ال سينكوب لو رفعت رجليه ولا حاجه هيفوق

(الدم هيتركز في الدماغ والنص الللي فوق وكدا)

cough is ?

physiological protective mechanism which is characterized by explosive expectoration against closed glottis following deep inspiration

hemoptysis is ?

types ?

coughing of blood

types :

1- haemorrhage from lungs, bronchial tree and trachea it results from vascular rupture

2- haemorrhage from nose, pharynx & larynx it results from laceration (جرح عميق يعني ) or ulceration of upper respiratory tract

dysphagia ?

anorexia ?

بالترتيب

dysphagia and odynophagia means difficulty and pain in swallowing

.

anorexia means reduced appetite

dyspepsia is ?

hematemesis is ?

بالترتيب

dyspepsia : combination of indigestion, pain, distention, acidity, nausea (and hunger pain)

.

hematemesis is the vomiting of blood

vomiting is ?

forceful expulsion of a part/whole of the stomach content through the oesophagus and mouth

diarrhea is ?

200-300 gm / day

more than 3 times / day - liquid consistency

constipation is ?

the passage of hard stools with a reduced frequency of less than 3 times a week

hematochezia is ?

RECTAL BLEEDING IS WHEN BLOOD PASSES FROM THE RECTUM OR ANUS.

melena is ?

the dark black, tarry stool that are associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

hematuria is ?

dysuria is ?

enuresis is ?

قصيرين خالص

hematuria : presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine

dysuria : refers to painful urination. difficult urination is also sometimes, but rarely, described as dysuria

enuresis : is a repeated inability to control urination

anuria (anuresis) is ?

how much urine ?

caused by ?

nonpassage of urine, in pracice is defined as passage of less than 50 milliliters of urine in a day. anuria is often caused by failure in the function of kidneys

oliguria (hypouresis) is ?

how much is urine output ?

maybe a sign of ?

the low output of urine in humans it is clinically classified as an output more than (80ml/day) but less than (400ml/day) the decreased output of urine maybe a sign of dehydration, kidney failure, hypovolemic shock

enumerate the 6 steps of handwashing

1- palm & finger

2- back of hand

3- finger & knuckles

4- thumbs

5- finger tips

6- wrists

rapid and initial assessment of a patient conscious level can be measured using ? (2)

the AVPU scale

the glasgow coma scale (GCS)

AVPU scale consists of 4 levels which are:

A = alert
V = respond to voice
P = respond to pain
U = unresponsive

glasgow coma scale consists of 3 types of responses which are ?

وقول

total score can be how much (range)

1- eye opening response

2- verbal response

3- motor response

total score can be 3 to 15

GCS score for moderate brain injury

9-12 points

GCS score for severe brain injury

3-8 points

GCS score for minor brain injury

13-15 points

manifestations of brain injury postures (2)

تخيلهم او حتي اعمل ايدك زي كل واحد

how to calculate BMI

weight in kg / height²

تفاصيل ال سكيل بتاع ال BMI

underweight

normal

over weight

obese

morbidly obese

بتاعت الفيتامين معرفش تبعنا ولا لا ك حفظ يعني

orthopnea definition :

dyspnea on lying down which is relieved by sitting upright

platypnea definition:

dyspnea on upright position which is relieved by lying down

Professorial attitude definition:

Patient stands supporting his extended arms on a table

prayer’s position

patient prefer to lean forward (بيرتاح كدا)

complexion include 3 colors ?

•INCLUDE :

• PALLOR

• JAUNDICE

• CYANOSIS

sites of pallor detection are ? (4)

what does it give an idea about (دليل علي اي)

site of pallor detection:

1-inner surface of the lips

2-palm of the hand especially the palmer creases

3-nail bed

4-mucous membranes as conjunctiva & buccal

.

it gives an idea about the level of HG or blood perfusion

ايه ال HG دا

هو اكيد مش الزئبق عشام الحروف كلها capital

what are the types of pallor

نوعين قولهم وقول اسم المرض او المشكله كدا يعني

الانيميا بس اللي ترو الباقي

false

what is cyanosis ?

happens due to increase in ? normal percent ?

• BLUISH DISCOLORATION OF SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANE

•DUE TO INCREASED PERCENTAGE OF REDUCED HEMOGLOBIN (≥5 GM) IN CAPILLARY BLOOD

• NORMALLY NOT INCREASE 2.5

what are the 3 types of cyanosis ?

1-central cyanosis

2-peripheral cyanosis

3-differential cyanosis

what are the causes of central cyanosis ?

site ?

CENTRAL CYANOSIS USUALLY CARDIAC OR RESPIRATORY CAUSES

SITE:

• LATERAL EDGE OF THE UNDER SURFACE OF THE TONGUE

(defect in oxygenation)

peripheral cyanosis sites ? (4)

.

cause ?

•SITES

• NAIL BED

• OUTER SURFACE OF LIP

• TIP OF NOSE

• EAR PINNA

هنا بيحصل stagnation of blood in peripheral circulation

jaundice is ?

caused by ?

when is it detectable ? (conc.)

its a yellowish discoloration to the skin and deep tissues

.

result from abnormally high accumulation of bilirubin in the blood

.

detectable when serum bilirubin conc. rises above 50 micromol/L (3mg/dl)

where can jaundice be detected

the sclera of the eye as it contains considerable amount of fibers

what are the four major causes of jaundice ?

➢EXCESSIVE DESTRUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS

➢ IMPAIRED UPTAKE OF BILIRUBIN BY THE LIVER CELLS

➢ DECREASED CONJUGATION OF BILIRUBIN

➢ OBSTRUCTION OF BILE FLOW IN THE CANALICULI OF THE HEPATIC LOBULES OR IN THE INTRAHEPATIC OR EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

clubbing is ?

what are the degress of it

its a painless enlargement of distal phalanges

.

1st degree clubbing (absent window sign)

2nd degree clubbing (parrot peak)

3rd degree clubbing (drumstick)

pitting edema is present in what diseases ? (4)

1-cardiac diseases

2-renal diseases

3-liver diseases

4-nutritional hypoalbuminemia

what are the 4 grades of pitting edema

لما بضغط يعني بتنزل قد اي

grade 1 (2mm)

grade 2 (3-4mm)

grade 3 (5-6mm)

grade 4 (8mm)

non pitting edema is present in what diseases

lymphatic filariasis