Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and terminology discussed in the anatomy and physiology lecture.

The study of structure is called _.

Anatomy

The study of function of body parts is known as _.

Physiology

In anatomical position, the body is facing the observer.

upright

The arms are at the of the body in anatomical position.

sides

The palms are ___ in the anatomical position.

facing forward

The upper arm is referred to as _.

Arm

The _ extends from the elbow to the wrist on the upper extremity.

Forearm

The thigh extends from the to the knee.

hip

The leg extends from the knee to the on the lower extremity.

ankle

The side refers to the back side of the body.

dorsal

The side refers to the belly side of the body.

ventral

The part that goes first is termed _.

anterior

The part that follows is known as _.

posterior

The term for toward the head is _.

superior

The term for away from the head is _.

inferior

The term for away from the midline is _.

lateral

The term for toward the midline is _.

medial

The term for nearer to the trunk is _.

proximal

The term for further from the trunk is _.

distal

Ipsilateral refers to structures on the side of the body.

same

Contralateral refers to structures on sides of the body.

opposite

A divides the body into right and left portions.

sagittal plane

A divides the body into front and back.

frontal plane

A divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

transverse plane

The _ cavity is on the dorsal side of the body.

dorsal

The _ cavity is on the belly side of the body.

ventral

The cranial cavity contains the _ covered with meninges.

brain

The spinal canal houses the covered with meninges.

spinal cord

The organs inside the ventral body cavity are collectively called _.

viscera

The two portions of the serous membrane are parietal and _.

visceral

The divides the thoracic from abdominopelvic cavity.

diaphragm

Homeostasis is defined as maintenance of a ___ internal environment.

stable

Negative feedback mechanisms are the primary controls of _.

homeostasis

The system is fast and uses nerve impulses.

nervous

The system is slower and uses hormones.

endocrine

Negative feedback ___ the stimulus while positive feedback ___ it.

reverses; enhances

Medical imaging: conventional X-ray uses __ radiation.

ionizing

CT Scan uses a series of X-rays and produces images called _.

tomograms

MRI does NOT use but utilizes strong magnetic fields.

ionizing radiation

POSITIVE feedback enhances the __ during processes such as labor contractions.

stimulus

An ultrasound uses high frequency __ waves.

sound