Particulate Nature of Matter

Flashcards covering the particulate nature of matter, including definitions of particles, states of matter, and key scientific concepts from the lecture notes.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Constituent particle

The basic unit that makes up a larger piece of a substance or material.

Interparticle spaces

The available spaces between the particles of matter.

Interparticle attractions

The attractive forces that hold constituent particles of matter together.

Liquid state (Shape and Volume)

A state of matter that has a definite volume but no fixed shape, taking the shape of the container it is kept in.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into vapour at atmospheric pressure.

Evaporation

The slow process of vapour formation that occurs at all temperatures below the boiling point, specifically at the surface of the liquid.

Gaseous state (Shape and Volume)

A state of matter that has no fixed shape or volume, tending to occupy the entire available space.

Fluids

A classification for both liquids and gases because they flow and do not retain a fixed shape.

Compressibility of gas

The property where the volume of a gas can be reduced by applying external pressure because particles have a lot of space between them.

Solid state (Particle Arrangement)

A state where constituent particles are closely packed and held together by strong forces of attraction, preventing them from moving from one place to another.

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Tiny dust particles suspended in air, which are much larger than the actual constituent particles (atoms and molecules) of matter.

$KMnO_4$ (Potassium Permanganate)

A chemical substance used in experiments to demonstrate that particles of water are in constant motion, shown by the spreading of pink streaks.

Effect of heat on particle movement

The speed of particle movement increases when heat is provided, causing substances to spread faster in hot water than in cold water.

Physical change (Grinding)

A change, such as grinding chalk into powder, where only the size of each speck is reduced without the substance changing into something new.