Lecture Notes on the Respiratory System

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on the respiratory system, including definitions and functions.

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and pancreas, causing thick, sticky mucus buildup.

External Respiration

The process where air enters the lungs, and gas is exchanged between air and blood.

Internal Respiration

The process where blood travels to body tissues and exchanges gases with those tissues.

Mitochondria

The part of the cell responsible for cellular respiration, creating energy in the form of ATP.

Nasal Concha

Bones that divide the nasal cavity and increase its surface area.

Paranasal Sinuses

Spaces within the bones that reduce the weight of the skull and provide resonance for the voice.

Epiglottis

A flap that allows air to enter the larynx and closes when swallowing.

Larynx

An enlargement at the top of the trachea, composed of muscles and cartilage, housing the vocal cords.

Glottis

The part of the larynx that consists of the vocal cords.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx leading to a hoarse voice.

Trachea

The windpipe that leads from the larynx to the primary bronchi.

Alveoli

Air sacs attached to bronchioles, where gas exchange occurs with the circulatory system.

Ventilation

The process of inhalation and exhalation of air in the lungs.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen for transport in the bloodstream.

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

The primary form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream.

Conduction Zone

The part of the respiratory system that filters, warms, and humidifies inhaled air.

Respiratory Zone

The part of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.