AP UNITED STATES HISTORY - PERIOD 2 (copy)

Encomienda system

A system where Spanish colonizers were granted the right to extract labor and tribute from the indigenous people of the Americas.

Triangular Trade

A trade system involving the exchange of goods and enslaved people among Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of government in regulating trade and commerce to increase national wealth.

Bacon's Rebellion

A 1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley's administration, fueled by grievances over land and Native American policies.

Chattel Slavery

A system in which enslaved people are considered property and are treated as such with no legal rights.

Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals in the American colonies during the 18th century characterized by increased religious enthusiasm and emotional preaching.

Natural Rights

The idea that individuals have rights to life, liberty, and property that are not granted by a government but are inherent.

John Locke

An Enlightenment philosopher who proposed the concept of natural rights and the social contract.

Social Contract

The theory that a government's legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed and its responsibility to protect their rights.

Caste System

A hierarchical social system imposed by the Spanish in their colonies, categorizing people based on race and ancestry.

Pilgrims

English settlers who sought religious freedom and established Plymouth Colony in 1620.

Indentured Servants

Individuals who signed contracts agreeing to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Metacom's War

A conflict between New England colonists and Native American groups led by Metacom (King Philip) over land and sovereignty.

Navigation Act

A series of laws that restricted colonial trade to English ships and required certain goods to be shipped through England.

Enclosure Movement

A historical process in England where common lands were privatized, leading to displacement of peasant farmers.