A&P 1 - Muscular System

Also joints because even though it was part of our skeletal system unit it got pushed to muscular system exam

Name the three types of Muscular Tissue.

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

List four characteristics of skeletal muscle.

Striated, multinucleate, voluntary, attached to bone

List four characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Striated, uninucleate, involuntary, found in heart

List four characteristics of smooth muscle.

Non-striated, uninucleate, involuntary, found in walls of hollow organs

This image represents what type of muscle tissue?

Skeletal

This image represents what type of muscle tissue?

Cardiac

This image represents what type of muscle tissue?

Smooth

What are the seven functions of the muscular system?

1. Movement of the body

2. Maintenance of posture

3. Respiration

4. Production of body heat

5. Communication

6. Constriction of organs and vessels

7. Contraction of the heart

How does the muscular system maintain posture?

Muscles push against each other

How does the muscular system allow for respiration?

The diaphragm is made of skeletal muscle tissue

The diaphragm (contracts/expands) when breathing in.

contracts

The diaphragm (contracts/expands) when breathing out.

expands

How does the muscular system produce body heat?

Shivering; movement generates heat

How is the muscular system used in communication?

Moving the mouth & tongue

Why is constriction of organs and vessels essential for the muscular system to perform?

Contraction of uterus & extremities require constriction of skeletal muscle to pump blood back to heart

What are the four general properties of muscle tissue?

Contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity

What is contractility?

Ability to contract

What is excitability?

Ability to respond to stimuli

What is extensibility?

Ability to stretch/extend/elongate

What is elasticity?

Ability to recoil (return to original shape)

What connective tissue covering covers the whole muscle (organ)

Epimysium

What does muscular fascia do

connects muscle to surrounding tissues

What connective tissue covering surrounds the fascicle?

Perimysium

What are fascicles?

Bundles of fibers

What connective tissue covering surrounds fibers?

Endomysium

Collagen from CT layers merge to form ___ or ___ which attach muscle to bone

tendons; aponeurosis

Which (tendons/aponeurosis) are “rope-like”?

tendons

Which (tendons/aponeurosis) are “sheet-like”?

aponeurosis

What do motor neurons do?

Stimulate skeletal muscle contraction

What are axon terminals connected to?

Muscle fibers

Which color is likely covering the label for “axon”?

Black

Which color is likely covering the label for “terminal”?

Pink

What 2-3 things extend with a nerve through the CT layers?

Artery and 1-2 veins

Extensive ___ beds surround muscle fibers

capillary

Which color is likely covering the label “terminals”?

Black

Which color is likely covering the label “motor units”?

Pink

Which color is likely covering the label “muscle fibers”?

Purple

What is the green likely representing?

Perimysium

What is the red likely representing?

Endomysium

What is the blue likely representing?

Epimysium

What is the yellow likely representing?

Blood vessel

What is the green likely representing?

Nucleus

What is the blue likely representing?

Capillaries

What is the pink likely representing?

Endomysium

What two prefixes relate to “muscle”?

myo- and sarco-

What is circled in blue?

Nucleus

How many muscle fibers are in the red highlighted section?

1

Muscle Fibers develop from the fusion of what?

Myoblasts

What is the average length of a muscle fiber?

1 - 4 mm

T/F muscle fibers can grow up to 1 foot long

True

What is the average diameter of a skeletal muscle fiber?

10 to 100 microns

Number of fibers (increases/decreases/remains constant) after birth

remains constant

Muscles get larger due to ___ of muscle fibers

hypertrophy

Sarcolemma

plasma membrane of muscle fiber

Sarcoplasm

cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Transverse tubules (T tubules)

folds of sarcolemma that go down into muscle fiber

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - specifically for storing calcium

Enlarged portions called _____ lie adjacent to T tubules

terminal cisternae

Terminal cisternae

at end of SR; holds/stores calcium

Two terminal cisternae and their associated T tubules form a ___

triad

What label is covered by yellow

Triad

What label is covered by red?

Transverse tubule (T tubule)

What label is covered by blue?

Terminal cisterna

What label is covered by dark green?

Nucleus

What label is covered by bright green?

Sarcolemma

What label is covered by purple?

Mitochondrion

What label is covered by pink?

Myofibril

What label is covered by orange?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

What label is covered by dark blue?

Capillary

Mechanical component structures allow muscles to contract; due to what two things?

Myofibrils & Myofilaments

What are Myofibrils?

bundle of proteins; contain the myofilaments that contract

What are the two types of myofilaments

Actin and Myosin

(Actin/Myosin) is the thin myofilament

Actin

(Actin/Myosin) is the thick myofilament

Myosin

Myofilaments arrange into orderly units called ___

Sarcomeres

What label is covered by red?

Epimysium

What label is covered by orange?

Tendon

What label is covered by yellow?

Whole muscle

What label is covered by dark green?

Bone

What label is covered by dark blue?

Muscle fascicles

What label is covered by purple?

Muscle fiber

What label is covered by pink?

Endomysium

What label is covered by Miku Blue?

Myofibril

What label is covered by bright green?

Actin Myofilament

What label is covered by gray?

Myosin myofilament

What label is covered by black (hint: its referring to both bright green and gray)

Myofilaments

What are sarcomeres?

basic functional unit of a fiber

What is the smallest part that can contract?

Sarcomere

What is the Z disk?

Filamentous proteins

Z disks are the attachment point for what?

Actin

What are the four regions of the sarcomere?

I bands, A bands, H zone, M line

How to distinguish the I band?

lighter region

How to distinguish the A band?

Darker region

How to distinguish the H zone?

lighter area within A band

How to distinguish the M line?

Dark line down middle of H zone

What makes the striated appearance of skeletal muscle?

A and I bands of parallel myofibrils are aligned

Titin filaments

elastic chains of amino acids; make muscles extensible and elastic

Define Fast-Oxidative

contract fast to produce a great force

Fast glycolytic fibers

produce a strong contraction, that fatigue quickly and are white in colour

Slow oxidative fibers -

fatigue slowly