Clinical Chemistry 2- Quiz 26 Toxicology

Which of the following is a metabolite of cocaine?

Benzoylecgonine

A known heroin addict was administered naloxone in the field and transported to the emergency department. The patient's drug of abuse screen was positive for opiates by lateral flow immunoassay. However, the confirmatory test was negative for morphine. Which of the following drugs can provide a plausible explanation for these discrepant test results?

Methadone

Which of the following gases has the highest affinity for hemoglobin?

Carbon monoxide

Which of the following is the most reliable method to measure ethanol in the presence of isopropanol?

Gas-liquid chromatography

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the principal active component of what drug?

Marijuana

Which of the following drugs blocks the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine?

Tricyclic antidepressants

Which of the following is a controlled synthetic opioid used in hospitals and is at risk for drug diversion?

Fentanyl

A salicylate overdose leads to which of the following acid-base disorders?

Metabolic acidosis

Heroin is synthesized from which of the following substances?

Morphine

What is the method used to confirm a positive drug of abuse screen?

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Board Review Question: The most widely employed screening technique for drug abuse is

thin-layer chromatography

Board Review Question: Which of the following elevates carboxyhemoglobin?

exposure to carbon monoxide

Board Review Question: Gas chromatography with the nitrogen phosphorus detector is the most commonly used technique for the analysis of

cyclic antidepressants

Which of the following biological fluids is the specimen of choice for screening and/or analyzing drugs of abuse?

Urine

THC (∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is the principal active metabolite of which of the following?

Marijuana

Which of the following alcohols will produce a metabolic acidosis?

Ethylene glycol

What is the best method for determining carbon monoxide exposure in a patient?

Absorption spectroscopy (co-oximetry)

What is the mechanism of action for cocaine at the junction between nerves?

It enhances release from vesicles.

___________ is not considered a date rape drug.

β-hydroxybutyrate

What might be considered thirdhand smoke?

Residual nicotine on household surfaces

Commercially prepared radiator fluid contains a significant amount of which of the following compounds?

Ethylene glycol

Which of the following techniques is a definitive means for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse?

Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Elevated blood levels of lead will result in a deficiency of which of the following enzymes?

Amino levulinic acid dehydratase

Which of the following classes of compounds has a sedative effect and used to treat anxiety?

Benzodiazepines

Heroin is:

Diacetyl morphine.

Levels of 89% carboxyhemoglobin saturation of whole blood are commonly found in which of the following?

Fatal carbon monoxide poisoning

Board Review Question: Zinc protoporphyrin or free erythrocyte protoporphyrin measurements are useful to assess blood concentrations of

lead

A person has a serum alcohol level of 0.20% at 3 hours after drinking. After 1 hour, what is the range of expected results?

0.1982% to 0.1985%

Which is false regarding exposure of drugs and toxins to the skin?

Cuts provide a direct route to the bloodstream.

Urine adulteration test strips are designed to detect which of the following?

All of the above

Ethylene glycol metabolizes to which of the following compounds?

Oxalic acid

Screening methods for drug abuse testing requires which of the following assay characteristics?

They must be analytically sensitive

Board Review Question: Tricyclic antidepressants are classified as

basic drugs

The toxic effect of acetaminophen overdose is:

Hepatocystic necrosis.

Ethanol metabolizes to which of the following acids?

Acetic

Which of the following cytochromes plays a major role in the metabolism of drugs in the liver?

Cytochrome P450

Possible risks of hepatocellular damage due to toxic blood levels of acetaminophen are evaluated based on blood levels and which of the following?

Time (hours) post ingestion

Valium and librium are examples of which of the following classes of drugs?

Benzodiazepines

Board Review Question: The reason carbon monoxide is so toxic is because

has 200 times the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin binding sites

What is a designer drug?

Modified versions of known drugs intended for recreational abuse purposes

Identification of the urinary metabolite benzoylecgonine would be useful in determining the presence of which of the following compounds?

Cocaine

Imipramine is classified as:

Tricyclic antidepressant.

Ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is associated with which of the following?

Reyes syndrome