Give Me Liberty - Chapter 8 and Class notes

George Washington

USA President (1789-1797) provided a short lived symbol of national unity in US gov and appointed men to his cabinet

Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of State under washington, Declaration of independence author

Alexander Hamilton

Head of Treasury under Washington and federalist leader

Hamilton's Financial Plan

5 Part plan to establish financial stability and make the US a major commercial and military power.

What were the 5 five parts of Hamilton's Financial Plan?

Establish nationwide creditworthiness, called for creation of national debt, Creation of the Bank of the US, raise revenue, called for the creation of tariffs

Bank of the United States

Proposed by Alexander Hamilton, the bank that opined in 1791 and operated till 1811 to issue uniform currency and collect tax $$$

What caused the the first Two Party System

Divide caused by disagreement over federal government's power, proposal of Hamilton's Financial Plan and Jay's Treaty

The Federalist Party

led by George Washington, John Adams and Hamilton, favored a STRONG CENTRAL government.

Democratic Republican Party

supported a strict interpretation of the Constitution, STRONG STATE government.

Who led the Democratic Republican Party?

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Strict Construction

belief that federal government can only exercise powers explicitly granted in the Constitution

Loose Construction

broader interpretation of the Constitution, allows implied powers not explicitly written in Constitution.

Elastic/Necessary and Proper Clause

Article 1 Section 8 of the Constitution, granted congress power to make laws it deems necessary to execute in its other powers.

Impressment

British navy strategy of using gangs to kidnap men in colonial and British ports and then forced them to serve in the British military.

Jays Treaty

Treaty organized by Chief Justice John Jay; Britain agreed to leave forts in Northwest territories and lingering disagreements from the war of independence would be settled by commission.

What was a main goal of Jays Treaty?

To maintain peace and resolve any outstanding issues

Whiskey Rebellion

Violent protest by Western Pennsylvania farmers against federal tax on Whiskey.

MAry Wollstonecraft

Advocated for women's education and right to paid employment, wrote “A Vindication on the Rights of Women”

Judith Sargent Murray

Early feminist thinker, popular in years following the Revolution, wrote essays for the Massachusetts Magazine

What was the name/pseudonym Judith Sargent Mary published under?

The Gleaner

John Adams

Second President of the US, first vice president under GW

Washington's Farewell Address

Drafted by Hamilton, then published in newspapers, announced the GW retirement from office and gave advice to the Nation.

XYZ Affair

FR foreign minister Talleyrand's 3 agents (designated X,Y, and Z) demanded $$ to stop French plundering of American Ships.

What was the outcome of the XYZ Affair?

Refusal to pay the bride led to 2 years of sea war.

The Quasi War

Undeclared sea/naval war between the US and FR in the Atlantic and Caribbean.

Alien and Sedition Acts

4 measures, passed during the Quasi war with FR, limited freedoms of speech and press and restricted liberties of non citizens.

VA and KY Resolutions

legislation passed by VA and KY legislatures in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

VA did…

Called on federal courts to protect free speech

KY …

Stated states could nullify federal law (which was later deleted)

Revolution/Election of 1800

first time an American political party surrendered power to the opposition party. Jefferson, a democratic republican, defeated Adams (federalist) for president.

12th Amendment

required all electors to cast separate votes for president and vice pres.

Why was the 12th amendment created?

Because of the tie in vote between Aaron Burr and Jefferson

Haitian Revolution

A revolution led by enslaved people that led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent country in 1804

Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion

An 1800 uprising by VA slaves to gain freedom, led by a blacksmith named GAbriel Prosser, he was discovered along with 26 men and killed.

Midnight Judges

Federal Judges appointed by John Adams in the final hours of his presidency before Thomas Jefferson took office.

John Marshall

Federalist who headed the supreme Court, strong believer of national supremacy.

Judicial Review

Powers courts hold (specifically supreme court) to declare a law or executive action as unconstitutional & therefore void.

Who created Judicial review?

John Marshall

Marbury v Madison

First US supreme court decision to declare a federal law unconstitutional