chapter 12 test

blank is the delivery of sufficient electrical energy to the heart to depolarize the myocardial muscle mass with limited damage

defibrillation

blank is faster than normal heart rate

tachycardia

possible treatment for myocardial infarction?

PTCA, CABG and thromnolytic agents

stroke volume

amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during a single beat

the T wave on an ECG tracing indicates what?

ventricular replorization

the left coronary artery supplies the…

left ventricle, left atrium and the interventricular septum

what occurs during a single heartbeat?

the atria and ventricles contract in a coordinated manner

what is true about the left ventricle?

-thicker than the R ventricle

-during contractions, the distance between the heart’s apex and base decreases
-during contractions, the diameter of the ventricular chamber decreases

blank is an irregularity in the heart’s electrical activity

dysrhythmia

the right atrium receives blood from the head and neck via which vessel?

superior vena cava

the QRS wave on an ECG tracing indicates

depolarization of the ventricles

what does the systemic circuit do?

transport blood to and from the rest of the body

the muscular wall of the heart is called?

myocardium

a 12-lead ECG can show

-nondiagnostic

-new left bundle branch block

-ST-segment elevation

the p wave on an ECG tracing indicates

depolarization of the atria

where is blood pressure highest int he systemic circuit?

the aorta

what is another name for the conductive pathway between the AV node and the bundle branches?

bundle of his

what is an area of dead tissue caused by an interruption in cardiac blood flow called?

infarct

the influx of blank rapidy depolarizes the cardiac contractile cells

sodium

the introduction of blank initiates contraction during the plateau phase

calcium

which nerve monitors baroreceptors, which in turn monitor oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

vagus nerve

the right coronary artery supplies the…

right atrium and both ventricles

what is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle called?

systole

the flaps of the right atrioventricular, or tricuspid, valve are called what?

cusps

the right coronary artery divides into what branch?

marginal and posterior interventricular

what is true about the foramen ovale?

-closes at birth

-allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

-penetrates the interatrial septum from the 5th week of embryonic development until birth

what is the condition occurs when the flaps of the left AV valve do not close properly?

mitral valve regurgitation

which part of the pericardium covers the heart and is also known as the epicardium?

visceral pericardium

in what order do the heart chambers contract when the heart beats?

atria then ventricles

the general rule of “more in equals more out” or the output of blood from the left and right ventricles is balanced under a variety of conditions is referred to as…

frank-starling principle

what ion rushes out of the cell during repolarization?

potassium

which pathway conveys the electrical impulses to the contractile cells of the ventricular myocardium?

purkinje fibers

blank is the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atrium

regurgitation

where do the right and left coronary arteries originate?

aortic sinusus

which connective tissue divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities and encloses the heart?

mediastinum

an blank is the recording of electrical events of the heart

ecg/ekg

the left coronary artery supplies the…

left ventricle, left atrium and interventricular septum

what is the most common cause of heart attacks?

coronary artery disease

the atrium opens into the ventricle through the

atrioventricular valve or AV valve

what condition causes low heart rate?

hypokalemia

which of the following can cause the heart to go into an extended state of contraction, possibly resulting in death?

hyperkalemia

the blank is the start of the pulmonary circuit

pulmonary valve

the normal rate of contraction is established by blank cells

pacemaker

which chambers of the heart are associated with the pulmonary circuit?

right ventricle and the left atrium

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

mitral valve, bicuspid valve and left av valve