Exercise for Health and Wellness

shorter; more

individuals suffering from PTSD have a _____ time-task failure and ____ fluctuations in force

similar

recovery from MVC was ____ between the control group and individuals with PTSD

decrease

exercise/PA can _____ symptoms of depression and PTSD

anxiety

exercise helps decrease _____ symptoms in the following populations:

- older adults (>65) throughout the world

- adults with panic disorder

- adults with arthritis rheumatoid disorders

depression

exercise helps decrease _____ symptoms in the following populations:

- college students

- older adults

- postpartum women

effects of tai chi

improved LE strength

improved flexibility (SRS)

decreased pain

less fatigue (subectively)

improvements in HR variability

tai chi

____ _____ improved depression symptoms in:

- pregnant women

- adults

- older adults

- fibromyalgia

- arthritis

- MS

- heart failure

- mild dementia

- cerebrovascular disorder

innate immunity

Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.

adaptive immunity

immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen; slower to respond, has memory component (comes with exposure)

blood; permeability

four processes by which white immune cells converge:

- vasodilation/increased _____ supply

- increased capillary _____

- chemotaxis

- and leukocytosis

damage

vasodilation and increased capillary permeability helps bring leukocytes to areas with _____

leukocytosis

accumulation of WBCs at the damage site

adaptive; innate

effective immune function requires interaction of the ____ and ____ defenses

exercise influence on immune function

- directly stimulating immune function

- stimulating SNS

- altering hormones (catecholamines, cortisol, GH, prolactin, thyroxine)

- increasing body temp

- causing cell damage

- increasing oxidative stress

hours

strenuous exercise can alter immune function for ____ to days

increase

during medium duration (<45 min) moderate-high intensity aerobic exercise there is an ____ in circulating WBCs for 1-4 hours post exercise

leukocytosis

during prolonged (1-3 hr) moderate-high intensity aerobic exercise there is greatest _____ immediately post-exercise and in recovery

2-6

during intense interval exercise there is an increase in circulating WBCs for ____ to _____ hours post exercise

cytokine response to exercise

both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are activated by exercise

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY response is GREATER

increase

there is 100-fold ____ in IL-6 during exercise

immunoregulatory, neuroendocrine, and metabolic

IL-6 affects what three systems?

E; cortisol

when exercise stops ____ has a rapid decline but ____ stays high for around 2 hours

rapid

at >60% VO2max there is a _____ increase in E/cortisol and greater magnitude of increase with greater intensity

lymphocytes

E increases _____ in the blood

neutrophils; lymphocytes

cortisol increases _____ and decreases _____

decreases

intense training/overtraining _____ the number leukocytes after exercise and neutrophils at rest and after exercise

increases

intense training/overtraining ____ the incidence of URTI and rate of paralysis following polio infection

increases; decreases

moderate training ____ the survival rate following viral and bacterial infections but _____ the incidence of URTI and incidence of cancer

decrease; decrease

moderate training tends to:

- enhance some immune functions such as NK cell count and activity

- _____ neutrophil function

- _____ serum immunoglobins

suppress

overtraining tends to:

- _____ several immune functions

- decreased leukocyte number

- decrease neutrophil function

- decrease NK cell activity

- decrease lymphocytes

- decrease serum immunoglobins

decrease

performance will continue to ____ if you do not modify exercise training when overtraining

mechanisms of OTS

alterations of CHO, lipid, and protein metabolism (less ability to use substrates for fuel)

muscle trauma and injury/cytokine theory (cellular damage = increased immune response)

prevention of OTS

periodization and nutrition will help offset this from occuring

increases

the risk of URTI _____ with very high intensity exercise

AIDS

both aerobic and resistance training programs have been found to be beneficial with ____