Marxist/Neo-Marxist

Snider

• dominant ideology favours the powerful

• focus on street crime over white collar crime

• 2 types of white collar: occupational (eg MPs tax scandal) corporate (VW cars failing emission tests)

CA to Snider - Durkheim

• functionalist

• argues that Snider is out of touch with society’s value consensus

• eg. whilst using offshore tax havens is morally dubious - not criminal in eyes of the law - value consensus reflects this

Gordon

• selective law enforcement

• rare prosecutions of MC

• eg Union Carbide, gas leak in Bhopal

CA to Gordon - Durkheim

• functionalist

• law reflects value consensus

Hall et al

• Policing the Crisis - britain 1970s

• moral panic, scapegoats

• draw away from economic problems

CA to Hall et al - Merton

• functionalist

• high rates of WC crime is response to ‘strain’, not due to political resistance or media myth

Chambliss

• capitalist societies are ‘criminogenic’

• nature of society promotes values likely to lead to crime- eg consumerist values like individualism, competition leading to theft

CA to Chambliss

• communist societies such as China still experience crime

• questions Chambliss in that capitalism cannot be source of crime