Greek and Latin roots

Chapter 3

feminae

What is the case?

What type of function?

What is the plural form?

genitive case 

possessive function

feminārum

1st declension

determined by -ae in genitive case

example: amica, amicae (female friend), of the female friend) 

2nd declension

determined by -i

example: bellum, belli (war, of the war)

3rd declension

identified by -is in the genitive case

ex: rex, regis (king, of the king)

4th declension

Identified by -ūs

example: manus, manūs (hand, of the hand)

5th declension

Identified by -ei

example: fides, fiedei (faith, of the faith) 

Genitive case: femiae

Find the stem and an english word derived from latin stem

Femin- 

feminine

Genitive case: portae

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port-

portal

Genitive case: viri

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Vir-

virile

Genitive case: belli

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bell-

bellicose 

Genitive case: regis

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reg-

regal

Genitive case: mentis

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ment-

demented

Genitive case: urbis

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urb- 

urbane

Genitive case: manūs

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man-

manual

Genitive case: fidei

Find the stem and an english word derived from latin stem

fid-

fidelity

what is are the four different stems of love in latin

amo- amare-amavi-amatum

1st verb conjunction and what it is distinguished by in the infinitive form

distinguished by a

porto-poatare-portatum (carry)

2nd verb conjunction and what it is distinguished by in the infinitive form

distinguished by long ē

teneo-tenēre-tentum (hold)

3rd verb conjunction and what it is distinguished by in the infinitive form

distinguished by short ě

facio-facere-factum (make do)

4th verb conjunction and what it is distinguished by in the infinitive form

distinguished by i

venio-venire-vectum (come)

present infinitive: portare (to carry)

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

porta-

portaum

portat-

How to Find the Present Stem?

Drop the -re from the present infinitive

How to Find the Perfect Stem? 

3rd principal part

Drop the -ī from the 3rd part

present infinitive: monēre (to warm)

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

monē

monitum

monit-

present infinitive: tenēre (to hold)

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

tenē

tentum

tent-

present infinitive: ducere (to lead)

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

duce-

ductum

duct-

present infinitive: agere (to do)

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

age-

actum

act-

present infinitive: facere (to make)

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

face-

factum

fact-

present infinitive: venīre (to come)

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

veni-

ventum

vent-

present infinitive: audīre 

find present stem, perfect passive, and perfect stem:

audi-

auditum

audit-

deponent verb conjunction 1

distinguished by a

arbitrari / think, decide / arbitra-/ arbitratum / arbitrat

present infinitive, meaning, present stem, perfect principle, perfect stem

deponent verb conjunction 2

distinguished by ē

fatēri / speak, acknowledge/ fatē/ fassum/fass-

present infinitive, meaning, present stem, perfect principle, perfect stem

deponent verb conjunction 3

loses the er- of the infinitive and remains only the final i- as the indication of the infinitive 

ē drops

loqui / speak/ loqu-/loctum/locut

present stem, meaning, present stem, perfect principle, perfect stem

deponent verb conjunction 4

distinguished by i- in infinitive form

experiri/ try/ experi/ expertum/ expert

present infinitive, meaning, present stem, perfect principle, perfect stem

principle parts: ago-agere-actum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

do, drive / age- / act

audio- audire- auditum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

hear/ audi-/ audit-

capio-capere-captum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

take/ cape-/capt-

cedo-/cedere-/cessum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

go, yield/

dico-dicere-dictum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

speak, say/ dice-/dict-

do-dare-dactum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

give/ da-/ dat-

duco-ducere-dactum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

lead/ duce-/dact-

facio-facere-factum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

make/ face-/ fact-

fero-ferre-latum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

bear, carry/ fer-/lat-

loquor-loqui/locutum 

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

speak/loque-/locut

mitto-mittere-missum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

send/mitte-/miss-

moveo-movēre-motum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

move/movē/mot-

pono-ponere-positum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

put-place/pone-/posit

scribo-scribere-scriptum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

write/scrib-/script

sto-stare-statum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

stand/sta-/stat

teneo-tenēre-tentum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

hold/tenē-/tent-

verto-vertere-versum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

to turn/ vete-/ vers

video-vidēre-visum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

see/ vidē/ visum-

voco-vocare-vocatum

english meaning/ present/ perfect 

call/ voca-/ vocat-

who made A Dictionary of the English Language and when

1755 Dr. Samuel Johnson

who made An American Dictionary of the English Language

Noah Webster

norman envasion

410 CE to first century